Gastro part 1- Exam 3

Question 1

_____ is food type product that you cannot digest

Answer 1

fiber

Question 2

What is the myenteric plexus involved with?

Answer 2

GI movements

Question 3

What is the submucosal plexus involved with?

Answer 3

GI secretions and local blood flow

Question 4

What are the two divisions of the parasympathetic nerves that supply the GI system?

Answer 4

Cranial and Sacral

Question 5

The cranial division of the parasympathetic supplies what organs?

Answer 5

Esophagus
Stomach
Pancreas
first half of the large intestine

Question 6

What organs does the sacral division of the parasympathetics control?

Answer 6

2nd, 3rd and 4th sacral segments

distal half of the large intestine to the anus

Question 7

Acetylocholine (inhibits/excites) the GI activity?

Answer 7

excites

Question 8

Norepinephrine (inhibits/excites) the GI activity?

Answer 8

inhibits

Question 9

protein level increases, what will gastrin do?

Answer 9

gastrin will also increase

Question 10

T/F: Gastrin is secreted into the stomach

Answer 10

FALSE, gastrin is secreted into the BLOOD

Question 11

What macromolecule do we need to associate gastrin with?

Answer 11

protein

Question 12

What macromolecule do we need to associate CCK with?

Answer 12

fat

Question 13

Pancreas has an enzyme specific to ____, _____ and _____

Answer 13

proteins, carbs and fat

Question 14

CCK causes a release of ____ in the duodenum that causes the pH to increase

Answer 14

bicarb

Question 15

What is the effect of CCK on the gallbladder? What happens next?

Answer 15

causes the gallbladder to contract, dumps bile salts which will break down fat globs into smaller chunks that the pancreatic enzymes can attach to

Question 16

What is the effect of CCK on the stomach?

Answer 16

CCK inhibits gastric emptying time, slows the stomach down

Question 17

_____ and ____ slow down gastric empty

Answer 17

protein and fat

Question 18

What is the first hormone discovered?

Answer 18

secretin

Question 19

Secretin is associated with ?

Answer 19

acid

Question 20

_____ secreted by chief cells in the stomach helps break down protein

Answer 20

pepsinogen

Question 21

Is pepsinogen by itself active?

Answer 21

No, needs HCl to activate it into pepsin that breaks down proteins

Question 22

_____ secretion is high if the acid is high

Answer 22

pepsin

Question 23

GIP is secreted with ___, ____ and ____ is eaten

Answer 23

proteins, carbs, fats

Question 24

What are the two functions of GIP?

Answer 24

stimulates insulin release
inhibits gastric acid secretion

Question 25

What is the responsibility of Motilin?

Answer 25

stimulates movement of food down the alimentary tract

Question 26

What is the function of ghrelin?

Answer 26

makes you want to go eat, “hunger hormone”

Question 27

_____ is the basic propulsive movement of the GI tract

Answer 27

peristalsis

Question 28

when a persistaltic contraction happens but the contents are blocked by a sphincter, what happens?

Answer 28

a churning motions, results in chopping and shearing motions

Question 29

___ and ____ are the majority nutrients commonly found in the hepatic portal system

Answer 29

Protein and carbs

Question 30

Where are the fats absorbed?

Answer 30

by the lymphatic system, bypasses the liver on first pass

Question 31

All the liver lobules empty _______?

Answer 31

at the central vein

Question 32

The central vein drains into _____

Answer 32

inferior vena cava

Question 33

The liver lobule is compose of many liver ______

Answer 33

cellular plates

Question 34

Where is cholesterol produced?

Answer 34

in the liver

Question 35

T/F: Cholesterol is a function of the genetics of the liver

Answer 35

True, lifestyles changes sometimes have no effect and it is all genetic