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6001 Neurotherapeutics > Lecture 4: Fine Motor > Flashcards

Lecture 4: Fine Motor Flashcards

1
Q

how much of a students day comprises of fine motor activities

A

more than 50%

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2
Q

what is an example of how culture might impact fine motor skills?

A

some cultures eat with their hands, so using eating utensils isn’t important to them

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3
Q

what are the 7 basic components of fine motor skill development for occupations

A
  1. Postural Mechanisms
  2. Hand Skills
  3. Patterns of Hand Function
  4. Cognition
  5. Visual Motor Integration
  6. Sensory Integrative Functioning
  7. Social Emotional Functioning
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4
Q

what are the 3 aspects of postural mechanisms?

A

Trunk Control and Stability
Shoulder Stability and Mobility
Wrist Stability and Mobility

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5
Q

what is trunk stability?

A

A strong and steady trunk (proximal stability) provides a base of support needed for activities requiring fine motor skills

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6
Q

what are 3 signs of trunk instability?

A

slouched posture

supporting body with arms

falling out of chair

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7
Q

what to do if the Childs feet don’t reach the ground

A

use stool, container, block of wood

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8
Q

what to do if chair is too deep or wide

A

add cushion/ foam to back of chair or sides

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9
Q

what is shoulder stability and mobility

A

Muscles around the shoulder joint make it stable

To write, we use slow, controlled shoulder
movements

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10
Q

what are 3 signs of shoulder instability?

A

Students may hold arms close to body or up by ears during fine motor task

May hold fine motor tools (such as a pencil) too tightly:

slight shoulder internal rotation, adduction or flexion

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11
Q

what is wrist stability and mobility?

A

The wrist should be slightly extended so the small muscles of the hand are in the best position for effectively manipulating objects.

allows for:
finger opposition and arching in the hand

Speed and precision of fine motor activities

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12
Q

what are 3 signs of wrist instability?

A

Elbow positioned above wrist (not stabilizing forearm)

Excessive wrist flexion

Excessive ulnar deviation

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13
Q

what are 3 activities to support shoulder and wrist development?

A

monkey bars

animal walks

working on vertical surfaces

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14
Q

what are the 5 aspects of hand skill development

A

arches of the hand

separation of both sides of hand

finger isolation

opposition

web space

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15
Q

what 2 things does fine motor skill efficiency significantly influence?

A

quality of the task outcome

the speed of task performance

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16
Q

why are hand arches important?

A

they allow the hand to conform to objects being held

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17
Q

what are 2 functional signs of difficulty with arches

A

difficulty with opposition and cupping hands

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18
Q

what are 3 activities to promote hand arches?

A

making balls with play-doh

shuffling cards

scoop to fill containers

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19
Q

what is motor separation of the two sides of the hand

A

radial side of hand: skilled side (precision and manipulation)

ulnar side of hand: power side (stability and power grip)

20
Q

what does separation of the two sides of the hand allow us to do

A

crawl and carry

develop fine motor control and skilled small movements like writing, cutting, etc

20
Q

what are 3 functional signs of difficulties with separation of the two sides of the hand

A

difficulty isolating skilled and power sides

unable to hold multiple objects

whole hand functions as unit

21
Q

what are 3 activities to promote separation of the two sides of the hand

A

beads into bottle

operation game

taking off cap with one hand

22
Q

what 4 things do finger isolation, opposition, and open web space allow us to do?

A

Skilled fine motor manipulation

Grasp and use tools

Finger feed

Manipulate clothing fasteners

23
Q

what are 4 functional signs of difficulties with finger isolation, opposition, and open web space?

A

Lack of circular space between thumb and index

Difficulties with pincer grasp

“Raking” to retrieve items

“Thumb wrapped” position for pencil grip

24
Q

what are 3 activities to promote finger isolation, opposition, and open web space

A

finger puppets

musical instruments like recorder

clothespin activities

25
Q

what are 3 signs of difficulties with reach or carrying

A

Abduction and internal rotation is used to initiate reach

Shoulder elevation and lateral trunk flexion used as compensatory movement

Difficulty staying upright when reaching or carrying

26
Q

what is the main activity to improve reach and carry

A

Activities to encourage reach to an item, progression of difficulty of object placement

27
Q

what is the grasp pattern sequence?

A

Ulnar before radial

Palmar (proximal) before finger (distal) grasp
Extrinsic muscle activation before intrinsic

28
Q

3 indications of difficulty with grasp

A

Holds items in palm rather than fingertips

Uses whole hand as a unit

Difficulty with play

29
Q

what are some activities to promote grasp

A

Pincer Grasp – cheerios, clay

Radial Digital Grasp – peg boards, large puzzle pieces

start with larger objects first

30
Q

what are the 3 major categories of in hand manipulation

A

translation

rotation

shift

31
Q

what is Finger to palm translation

A

Holding with our fingers and moving it to hold it in our palms

32
Q

what is palm to finger translation

A

Holding something in our palm to hold it with our fingers

33
Q

what is simple rotation?

A

Turning an item in hand 90 degrees or less

34
Q

what is complex rotation?

A

Turning item 180-360 degrees

35
Q

what is shift?

A

Moving the item between our fingers to repositioning

36
Q

what are 2 indicators of difficulties with in hand manipulation

A

awkward with small toys

transfers objects from hand to hand

37
Q

how is cognition linked with hand function

A

Early exploration using manual skills helps a child learn about their environment and refine visual- motor skills

38
Q

why are OTs concerned with handwriting?

A

Children who fall behind may miss learning opportunities, lack self-esteem, and have difficulty being accepted by their peers.

one of the most common reasons for referring students to see an OT

39
Q

what is the most efficient pencil grip?

A

tripod

40
Q

what is a hook grasp

A

Needed for carrying bags, lifting mugs

41
Q

what is a power grasp

A

Handling tools, toothbrushes, brushing hair

42
Q

what is a palmer supinate pencil grasp

A

Pencil enters open palm, fingers curl around it, arm supinated (arm moves as a unit)

43
Q

what is a Palmer pronate pencil grasp?

A

Pencil is picked up off table into palm, arm is pronated (arm moves as unit)

44
Q

what is a static tripod pencil grasp

A

Thumb, index, and middle finger on pencil but not precise, wrist in neutral, still unit

45
Q

what is a dynamic tripod pencil grip?

A

Thumb, index and middle finger more precisely placed, digets 4 and 5 flexed out of the way, wrist extended. Movement happening in PIP joints

46
Q

what is the order of the 7 grasps

A

Ulnar Palmar grasp

Radial Palmar grasp

Raking

Radial Digital

Lateral/Key pinch

inferior pincer

superior pincer

6001 Neurotherapeutics (15 decks)

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