Lecture 4/Chapter 32

Question 1

Tendons

Answer 1

Connect muscle to bone

Question 2

Ligaments

Answer 2

Connect bone to bone

Question 3

RICES

Answer 3

Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation, Splinting

Question 4

Sprain

Answer 4

Joint injury with tearing of ligaments

Question 5

Strain

Answer 5

Stretching/tearing of a muscle (pulled muscle)

Question 6

Amputations

Answer 6

Amputated body parts can go 2 hours without blood flow before the muscle dies
Save the body part by placing it in a sealed back and on cold/ice water

Question 7

Fractures

Answer 7

A break in a bone; can either be closed or open
Can be displaced or non-displaced (deformity or not of a limb)
S/S: pain/deformity, guarding, swelling, bruising, crepitus, false motion, exposed fragments, locked joint

Question 8

Splinting

Answer 8

Proper splinting prevents further damage to muscles, blood vessels, and nerves, closed fractures from becoming open, restriction of distal blood flow, excessive bleeding of tissues and increased pain

Question 9

What are the hazards of improper splinting?

Answer 9

Compression of nerves, tissues and blood vessels, delay in transport, reduced distal circulation, and aggravation of injury

Question 10

What are the 4 rules of splinting?

Answer 10

1. CMS before and after splinting
2. Almost always splint in position found
3. Immobilize 2 closest uninjured joints
4. Don’t tape/strap over injury or joints

Question 11

What are 2 exceptions for splinting?

Answer 11

1. If there is no circulation, move the limb, but ONLY do it once. If it doesn’t restart circulation, just splint and go
2. Isolated mid-shaft femur fracture: hare traction splint

Question 12

Dislocations

Answer 12

Disruption of a joint
S/S: deformity, swelling, pain, loss of motion, and numbness or impaired circulation

Question 13

Shoulder Dislocation Treatment

Answer 13

Sling and swathe, use a pad with pillow if needed

Question 14

Treatment for Clavicle and Scapula Injuries

Answer 14

Splint with a sling and swathe, use wooden board to prevent bone movement

Question 15

Treatment for Humerus Fractures

Answer 15

Apply traction to angular end humerus per local protocols; use a split with a padded board splint then sling/swathe

Question 16

Treatment for Fractures of the Forearm

Answer 16

Use a padded board, air, vacuum, or pillow splint

Question 17

Treatment for Wrist/Hand Injuries

Answer 17

Dress all wounds, splint with hand in position of function, apply padded board splint, and apply sling/splint

Question 18

Treatment for Pelvic Fractures

Answer 18

Assess pelvis for tenderness
Stable patientsL secure to backboard or scoop stretcher

Question 19

Why are pelvic fractures so dangerous?

Answer 19

Life threatening bleeding can occur which will cause hypovolemic shock; may include injury to bladder or urethra

Question 20

Treatment for Hip Dislocations

Answer 20

Splint in the position of the deformity

Question 21

Treatment for Femur Fracture

Answer 21

Use anatomic splint and scoop stretcher or backboard

Question 22

Treatment for Knee Injuries

Answer 22

Immobilize entire limb, monitor distal neurovascular function (CMS)

Question 23

Treatment for Tibia/Fibula Fractures

Answer 23

Splint from foot to upper thigh, use padded rigid splint or air splint, dress open wounds

Question 24

Treatment for Foot Injuries

Answer 24

Immobilize ankle/foot, leave toes exposed to check CMS, elevate foot 6 inches

Question 25

Compartment Syndrome

Answer 25

Elevated pressure in fascial compartment, loss of CMS distally, 6-12 hours post-injury, extreme pain
Treatment: splint, keep at level of heart, rapid transport

Question 26

Transportation

Answer 26

Not many musculoskeletal injuries justify Code 3 transport unless the extremity is pulseless