Lecture 4/Chapter 25

Question 1

What is the leading cause of death for people ages 1-45?

Answer 1

Traumatic Injury

Question 2

What does increased velocity mean?

Answer 2

Increased velocity means even more increased kinetic energy

Question 3

Non-significant MOI

Answer 3

Minor injury to an isolated body part OR a minor fall with no loss of consciousness

Question 4

Significant MOI

Answer 4

Multi-system trauma, fall from greater than 3 times the patient’s height, a motorcycle crash, auto versus pedestrian/bicycle, and certain GSWs/stabbings

Question 5

Blunt Trauma

Answer 5

Force to body without penetration

Question 6

Penetrating Trauma

Answer 6

An object penetrates the body

Question 7

What are the 3 collision types?

Answer 7

Primary: car against car
Secondary: passenger against car interior
Tertiary: organs against inside of the body

Question 8

What is considered a significant MOI in a car crash?

Answer 8

Death of an occupant in the vehicle, passenger space intrusion, severe rear-end collision, rollovers and rotations, and ejection

Question 9

What is a frontal MVC?

Answer 9

Getting hit from the front; rapid deceleration

Question 10

What is a lateral MVC?

Answer 10

Getting t-boned; has the highest incidence of death

Question 11

What is a rear-end MVC?

Answer 11

Getting hit from behind; rapid acceleration

Question 12

What is a rollover MVC?

Answer 12

Car rolls over/flips; can lead to ejection (most common cause of death)

Question 13

What is a spin/rotational MVC?

Answer 13

Car spins while staying upright (similar to rollovers)

Question 14

What should you always consider in auto versus pedestrian?

Answer 14

Assume there is a spinal injury; perform SMR

Question 15

What makes a fall dangerous?

Answer 15

If the patient falls from 3 times their height; beware of internal injuries
Consider the height of the fall, the body part that hit first, and the surface they hit

Question 16

How does blunt trauma present?

Answer 16

With bruising, pain on palpation, and distension (could all mean internal bleeding)

Question 17

Low Velocity Penetrating Trauma

Answer 17

Knives; damage caused by sharp edges of an object

Question 18

Medium Velocity Penetrating Trauma

Answer 18

Handgun bullets; injuries caused by cavitation

Question 19

High Velocity Penetrating Trauma

Answer 19

Rifle bullets; design/weight of bullet affects performance

Question 20

Cavitation

Answer 20

Pressure wave

Question 21

Types of Blast Injuries

Answer 21

Primary: caused by the blast
Secondary: caused by the flying debris
Tertiary: force of explosion against victim
Quaternary: miscellaneous injuries, i.e., burns, respiratory injury, crush injury from structural collapse

Question 22

What tissues are at risk in blasts?

Answer 22

Air-filled organs, i.e., middle ear, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract

Question 23

Pulmonary Injuries from Blasts

Answer 23

Can cause air embolisms which may produce changes in LOC, vision, and miscellaneous neurological deficits

Question 24

Injuries to the Head from Blasts

Answer 24

Bleeding/swelling inside the skull

Question 25

Injuries to the Neck from Blasts

Answer 25

Tearing or swelling of trachea which prevents blood flow to the brain and open wounds can produce pulmonary embolism

Question 26

Injuries to the Chest from Blasts

Answer 26

Flail chest, massive internal bleeding, pneumothorax, and tension pneumothorax

Question 27

Multi-system Trauma

Answer 27

When more than one body system is injured

Question 28

Level 1 Transport

Answer 28

provides every aspect of trauma care

Question 29

Level 2 Transport

Answer 29

Provides initial definitive care

Question 30

Level 3 Transport

Answer 30

Provides assessment, resuscitation, emergency care, and stabilization

Question 31

Level 4 Transport

Answer 31

Provides advanced trauma life support