Lecture 4/Chapter 25 Flashcards
What is the leading cause of death for people ages 1-45?
Traumatic Injury
What does increased velocity mean?
Increased velocity means even more increased kinetic energy
Non-significant MOI
Minor injury to an isolated body part OR a minor fall with no loss of consciousness
Significant MOI
Multi-system trauma, fall from greater than 3 times the patient’s height, a motorcycle crash, auto versus pedestrian/bicycle, and certain GSWs/stabbings
Blunt Trauma
Force to body without penetration
Penetrating Trauma
An object penetrates the body
What are the 3 collision types?
Primary: car against car
Secondary: passenger against car interior
Tertiary: organs against inside of the body
What is considered a significant MOI in a car crash?
Death of an occupant in the vehicle, passenger space intrusion, severe rear-end collision, rollovers and rotations, and ejection
What is a frontal MVC?
Getting hit from the front; rapid deceleration
What is a lateral MVC?
Getting t-boned; has the highest incidence of death
What is a rear-end MVC?
Getting hit from behind; rapid acceleration
What is a rollover MVC?
Car rolls over/flips; can lead to ejection (most common cause of death)
What is a spin/rotational MVC?
Car spins while staying upright (similar to rollovers)
What should you always consider in auto versus pedestrian?
Assume there is a spinal injury; perform SMR
What makes a fall dangerous?
If the patient falls from 3 times their height; beware of internal injuries
Consider the height of the fall, the body part that hit first, and the surface they hit
How does blunt trauma present?
With bruising, pain on palpation, and distension (could all mean internal bleeding)
Low Velocity Penetrating Trauma
Knives; damage caused by sharp edges of an object
Medium Velocity Penetrating Trauma
Handgun bullets; injuries caused by cavitation
High Velocity Penetrating Trauma
Rifle bullets; design/weight of bullet affects performance
Cavitation
Pressure wave
Types of Blast Injuries
Primary: caused by the blast
Secondary: caused by the flying debris
Tertiary: force of explosion against victim
Quaternary: miscellaneous injuries, i.e., burns, respiratory injury, crush injury from structural collapse
What tissues are at risk in blasts?
Air-filled organs, i.e., middle ear, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract
Pulmonary Injuries from Blasts
Can cause air embolisms which may produce changes in LOC, vision, and miscellaneous neurological deficits
Injuries to the Head from Blasts
Bleeding/swelling inside the skull
Injuries to the Neck from Blasts
Tearing or swelling of trachea which prevents blood flow to the brain and open wounds can produce pulmonary embolism
Injuries to the Chest from Blasts
Flail chest, massive internal bleeding, pneumothorax, and tension pneumothorax
Multi-system Trauma
When more than one body system is injured
Level 1 Transport
provides every aspect of trauma care
Level 2 Transport
Provides initial definitive care
Level 3 Transport
Provides assessment, resuscitation, emergency care, and stabilization
Level 4 Transport
Provides advanced trauma life support
