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EMT Course > Lecture 2/Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Lecture 2/Chapter 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of the structure of the body

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2
Q

Physiology

A

The study of the function of the body

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3
Q

Midline

A

In the front, directly in the middle of the body

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4
Q

Mid-Clavicular Line

A

Down the front of the body, in the middle of each clavicle

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5
Q

Anterior Axillary Line

A

On the side of the body, line that is down the front part of the body

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6
Q

Mid-Axillary Line

A

On the side of the body, line down the middle of the body

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7
Q

Posterior Axillary Line

A

On the side of the body, line down the back end of the body

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8
Q

Intercostals Spaces

A

Gaps between the ribs, count starting from the top

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9
Q

Flexion Extension

A

Straightening versus flexing a joint

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10
Q

Prone Position

A

Patient is on their stomach

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11
Q

Supine Position

A

Patient is on their back

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12
Q

Left/Right Lateral Recumbent Position

A

Patient is on their side in a half fetal position

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13
Q

Shock Position

A

Patient is laying on their back with their legs up

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14
Q

Trendelenberg Position

A

Patient is on their back with their head below their feet; not a good position

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15
Q

Reverse Trendelenberg Position

A

Patient is on their back with their feet below their head

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16
Q

Semi-Fowlers Position

A

Patient is somewhat sitting up

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17
Q

What do cells need to survive?

A

Oxygen and glucose

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18
Q

What happens to the body without oxygen?

A

Damage to the brain cells within 4-6 minutes, brain cell death within 10 minutes, kidney damage within 45 minutes, and muscle damage within 1-2 hours.

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19
Q

Why is anaerobic respiration bad?

A

It uses other things in the body when oxygen is not available. This produces lactic acid which can be toxic. Cells will begin to die if it goes on too long

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20
Q

What are the 5 major body cavities?

A

Cranial, vertebral, thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic

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21
Q

Where are the kidneys located?

A

In the retroperitoneal space/the flanks

22
Q

What are solid organs?

A

Organs that have high blood supply, i.e. the liver and the spleen

23
Q

What are hollow organs?

A

Organs with low blood supply/are empty i.e., the stomach, uterus, and intestines.

24
Q

Peristalsis

A

The movement of food through the digestive tract

25
Q

How many bones and muscles are in the body?

A

206 bones and over 600 muscles

26
Q

Ligaments

A

Connect bone to bone

27
Q

Joints

A

Provides cartilage and allows movement

28
Q

Tendons

A

Connects muscle to bone

29
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

30
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12

31
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

5

32
Q

How many sacrum vertebrae are there?

A

5

33
Q

How many coccyx vertebrae are there?

A

4

34
Q

What are all the bones in the hand?

A

Carpals in the wrist, metacarpals in the palm and phalanges in the fingers

35
Q

What are the bones in the foot?

A

7 tarsal bones, 5 metatarsal bones, and phalanges in the toes

36
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

Muscle of the heart, works with automaticity (involuntary)

37
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

Striated, voluntarily controlled muscle

38
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

Works involuntarily and found in hollow organs

39
Q

How much oxygen do we breathe in and out?

A

The air we breathe in is 21% oxygen, and we use 5% of it, so we breathe out the other 16%

40
Q

What occurs during inhalation?

A

Oxygen enters the lungs, travels to the heart, and oxygenated blood is pumped to the rest of the body from the heart

41
Q

What occurs during exhalation?

A

CO2 is taken by blood, to the heart, then back to the lungs to be reoxygenated and CO2 leaves the body

42
Q

What does the brain stem do?

A

Controls functions necessary for life, such as blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, and RAS

43
Q

RAS

A

Reticular activating system; controls consciousness

44
Q

What does the medulla oblongata do?

A

Controls breathing

45
Q

What occurs in the respiratory center?

A

Central chemo-receptors increase breathing rate as CO2 levels in the blood rise. This stimulates you to take a breath

46
Q

What is the hypoxic drive?

A

The backup system for the respiratory center. Activated by low O2 to stimulate breathing instead of high CO2

47
Q

What are the 2 circuits of the heart?

A

The right side (pulmonary) and the left side (systemic)

48
Q

SA Node

A

Sino-atrial node; the pacemaker; 60-100 bpm; through the atria

49
Q

AV Node

A

Atrioventricular node; the keeper; 40-60 bpm; through ventricles

50
Q

What are the components of the blood?

A

Plasma, RBCs, WBCs, and platelets

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