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EMT Course > Lecture 3/Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Lecture 3/Chapter 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

SAMPLE

A

Signs and Symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Pertinent Medical History, Last Oral Intake, Events Leading to Injury or Illness

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2
Q

Signs and Symptoms

A

Evaluate using OPQRST

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3
Q

Allergies

A

Ask the patient if they are allergic to any medications, food, etc.

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4
Q

Medications

A

Ask the patient if they have been prescribed with any medications, and, if so, if they have been taking them as prescribed

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5
Q

Pertinent Medical History

A

Ask the patient if they have had any past medical problems i.e., heart disease, high blood pressure, asthma, diabetes, etc.

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6
Q

Last Oral Intake

A

Ask the patient what was the last thing they drank and when.

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7
Q

Events Leading to Injury or Illness

A

Ask the patient what they were doing when their issue began and if they know what caused it

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8
Q

OPQRST

A

Onset, Provoke and Palliate, Quality, Region and Radiation and Recurrence, Severity, and Time

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9
Q

Onset

A

Ask the patient if their pain came on gradually or suddenly?

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10
Q

Provoke and Palliate

A

Ask the patient if anything makes the pain worse or better?

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11
Q

Provoke and Palliate

A

Ask the patient if anything makes the pain worse or better?

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12
Q

Quality

A

Ask the patient to describe the pain, i.e., sharp, dull, throbbing, tearing, etc.

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13
Q

Region, Radiation, and Recurrence

A

Ask the patient where the pain is, does the pain radiate anywhere in their body, and has this pain happened before.

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14
Q

Severity

A

Ask the patient how they would rate the pain from 0 to 10

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15
Q

Time

A

How long has the pain been going on

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16
Q

BELLSRPGO

A

Blood Pressure, Eyes, Lung Sounds, Level of Consciousness, Skin Signs, Respirations, Pulse, GCS, and Oximeter

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17
Q

Blood Pressure

A

Average is 90-140 over 60-100; preferred method of taking blood pressure is Auscultation, second method is Palpation

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18
Q

How does auscultation work?

A

Put the correct size cuff on the patient, use stethoscope on the arm and under the cuff, pump it up until you can’t hear the heart pumping anymore, start slowly releasing the pressure. When you hear the first pump sound, record the # (systolic pressure), and when you hear the last pump sound, record the # (diastolic pressure).

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19
Q

Eyes

A

Check the patient’s pupils using PERLA: are they equal, round, react to light properly, and accommodate

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20
Q

Level of Consciousness

A

Ask the patient: what is your name, where are we, what time is it currently, and do you know what happened to you?

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21
Q

Lung Sounds

A

Listen to the right side, left side, middle, and lower lobes. Make sure everything sounds the same

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22
Q

What are the different lung sounds?

A

Normal: clear bilaterally
Abnormal: noisy breathing
Rales: fluid in the lungs, crackling noise
Wheezing: bronchial constriction; creepy noise
Rhonchi: coarse bubbling
Stridor: upper airway obstruction; high pitched wheeze coming from the trachea/throat

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23
Q

Skin Signs

A

Check the patient for color, temperature, and moisture. If the patient has dark skin, check the mucus membranes (under eyelids)

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24
Q

Respirations

A

Check the patient’s breathing for the rate, rhythm and quality

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25
Q

What to look for with rates?

A

Fast, slow, normal

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26
Q

What to look for with rhythms ?

A

Regular or irregular

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27
Q

What to look for with quality?

A

Strong/weak (pulse) or equal chest rise and fall and noises (respirations)

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28
Q

What is the average respiration for adults?

A

12 to 20 breaths per minute

29
Q

What is the average respiration for children?

A

15 to 30 breaths per minute

30
Q

What is the average respiration for infants?

A

25 to 50 breaths per minute

31
Q

Bradypnea/cardia

A

Respiratory/ pulse rate is less than normal

32
Q

Tachypnea/cardia

A

Respiratory/pulse rate is greater than normal

33
Q

What does the Glasgow Coma Scale check?

A

Eye Opening, Verbal Response, and Motor Response

34
Q

What are the ratings for eye opening?

A

4: spontaneous/tracking
3: response to voice (verbal stimuli)
2: response to pain (painful stimuli)
1: none (unresponsive)

35
Q

What are the ratings for verbal response?

A

5: normal conversation
4: disoriented conversation
3: words, but not coherent
2: no words, only sounds
1: none

36
Q

What are the ratings for motor response?

A

6: normal
5: localize to pain
4: withdraws to pain
3: decorticate
2: deceberate
1: none

37
Q

What is the goal oxygen saturation?

A

94-98% saturation

38
Q

What is a normal pulse rate for an infant (1 month to 1 year old)?

A

120-160 bpm

39
Q

What is a normal pulse rate for a baby (1 year to 3 years old)?

A

90-150 bpm

40
Q

What is a normal pulse rate for a toddler (3 years to 6 years old)?

A

80-140 bpm

41
Q

What is a normal pulse rate for a kid (6 years to 12 years old)?

A

70-120 bpm

42
Q

What is a normal pulse rate for an adult (12 years to 18+ years old)?

A

60-100 bpm

43
Q

What is the importance of BSI?

A

All bodily fluids are potentially infectious, so you must wear at LEAST gloves, but also eye protection, a mask, gown, etc.

44
Q

PENMAN

A

Personal and Partner and Patient Safety, Environmental Hazards, Number of Patients, Mechanism of Injury or Nature of Illness, Additional Resources, and Need for Extrication/Spinal Immobility

45
Q

Personal, Partner, and Patient Safety

A

Make sure the scene is safe, if not, do NOT enter until it becomes safe

46
Q

Environmental Hazards

A

Heat, rain, snow, smoke, crowds, terrain, hazmat
Whatever can hurt your patient can hurt you too.

47
Q

Mechanism of Injury/Nature of Illness

A

MOI: auto versus pedestrian
NOI: shortness of breath
Use caution in a scene where multiple people are exhibiting the same symptoms

48
Q

Additional Resources

A

Medical: additional units, ALS, psychiatric emergency response team
Non-Medical: Fire suppression, hazmat, rescue, law enforcement

49
Q

Need for Extrication/Spinal Immobility

A

Spinal motion restriction is required for us to know

50
Q

What is the purpose of the Primary Assessment?

A

To identify and treat life threatening issues in less than 90 seconds

51
Q

General Impression

A

Occurs as you approach the patient and look for stability, imminent life threats, any major disabilities, etc. Run AVPU if needed

52
Q

Obtaining Consent

A

Introduce yourself, ask the patient’s name/age, ask their chief complaint, and obtain consent for you to help them.
If they refuse treatment, go through the refusal of treatment process.

53
Q

ABCDEFI

A

Airway, Breathing, COPS, Deformity and Disability, Expose, Field Impression, and Identify Priority and Transport Decision

54
Q

A

A

Assess airway; check for obstructions. If so, remove anything in the airway

55
Q

B

A

Is the patient breathing, and if so, adequately? If not, start O2

56
Q

C

A

Use COPS to assess circulation

57
Q

COPS

A

Capillary Refill: less than 2 seconds is normal
Obvious External Bleeding
Pulse: check wrist if conscious and neck if unconscious
Skin Signs: color, temperature, and moisture

58
Q

D

A

Deformity: observe it
Disability: ask about it

59
Q

E

A

Expose the patient to visualize their body and palpate to find tenderness

60
Q

F

A

Formulate a field impression = what you know about the patient so far

61
Q

I

A

Identify priority as either rapid medical or rapid trauma, and the transport decision as ALS or BLS

62
Q

What are the 4 different patient types?

A

Responsive Medical, Unresponsive Medical, Major Trauma, and Minor Trauma

63
Q

What steps do we take for Major Trauma Patients?

A

Run primary assessment, do rapid trauma, take baseline vitals, do a detailed physical exam, take SAMPLE history, and reevaluate transport decision

64
Q

What steps do we take for unresponsive medical patients?

A

Run primary assessment, do rapid trauma, take baseline vitals, do detailed physical exam, take SAMPLE history, reevaluate transport decision, and complete the ongoing assessment

65
Q

What steps do we take for minor trauma patients?

A

Run primary assessment, complete focused physical, take baseline vitals, take SAMPLE history, reevaluate transport decision, and continue with ongoing assessment

66
Q

Physical Exam/Complete Body Check

A

Do DCAP-BLS-TIC and start with the face, to the neck, to the chest, to the abdomen, to the pelvis and to the legs/arms

67
Q

DCAP-BLS-TIC

A

Deformities, Contusions, Abrasions, Punctures and Penetrations, Burns, Lacerations, Swelling, Tenderness, Instability, and Crepitus

68
Q

What is the ongoing assessment?

A

Repeat primary assessment, reassess/record vitals, repeat focused assessment, and evaluate interventions

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