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Theriogenology (Fall 2014) > Lecture 4: Canine Ovulation Timing & Breeding Management (Kelleman) > Flashcards

Lecture 4: Canine Ovulation Timing & Breeding Management (Kelleman) Flashcards

1
Q

most common cause of infertility**

A

breeding at the wrong time

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2
Q

The Old Way of breeding dogs

A

breed EOD as long as bitch will stand.

  • most effective non-timed method
  • works for fresh semen, but not as well for cooled or frozen semen
  • some bitches won’t stand or stand at wrong time
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3
Q

how long does fresh semen live**

A

7-9d

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4
Q

dogs have what type of sperm deposition?**

A

intrauterine

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5
Q

3 stages of breeding in dogs

A

1) first stage coitus
2) the turn
3) second stage coitus

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6
Q

bitch

A

intact female

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7
Q

dog

A

intact (stud) dog

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8
Q

what does “heat” or “in season” mean

A

estrus + proestrus

-time when vulvar discharge seen

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9
Q

canine estrous cycle

A

proestrus -> estrus ->diestrus ->anestrus

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10
Q

What does leutinizing hormone (LH) do?***

A

causes ovulation

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11
Q

progesterone produced by:**

A

pregnant AND non-pregnant bitches

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12
Q

estrogen controls:

A
  • vaginal lining epithelial cells & wall thickness

- behavioral and physical signs

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13
Q

when does LH peak occur?

A

On day 0. Marks the end of proestrus and beginning of estrus.

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14
Q

Describe what estrogen, progesterone, FSH, and LH are doing during proestrus

A

(see slide 9)

  • Estrogen rising and peaking
  • Progesterone negligible, then starts to rise at very end of proestrus
  • FSH declining, then sharply rises at end of proestrus
  • LH low, then peaks at end
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15
Q

Describe what estrogen, progesterone, FSH, and LH are doing during estrus

A
  • Estrogen declining
  • Progesterone rising
  • FSH peaks early then rapidly declines
  • LH declining off peak
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16
Q

Describe what estrogen, progesterone, and LH are doing during diestrus

A
  • estrogen declining
  • progesterone peaks then declines
  • LH low
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17
Q

Gold standard for timing ovulation and estrus cycle of the bitch uses:**

A

endocrinology

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18
Q

Events of canine estrous cycle can be described in terms of:

A
  • behavior
  • vaginal cytology
  • endocrinology**
  • anatomy
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19
Q

Behaviora/anatomical signs of estrus

A
  • flagging: estrus behavior in bitch (NOT horses) in which tail goes off to side when perineum is touched
  • vulvar turgidity and discharge
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20
Q

T/F: female dog’s urethra comes into vagina

A

T

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21
Q

first pat of female tract =

A

vestibule

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22
Q

Clicker: Which hormone is responsible for vaginal cytology cornification?**

A

Estrogen

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23
Q

Is vaginal cytology used for ovulation timing?**

A

NO. Gives you a basic idea of where bitch is in the estrous cycle.

  • useful when used in conjunction with progesterone
  • can run bioassay off it for presenceof estrogen***
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24
Q

cornification**

A

progression of epithelial cell death from tissue thickening due to estrogen
parabasal –> intermediate –> superficial–>anuclear squamous (“corn flake”)

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25
Q

superficial cells defining chars.

A

have pyknotic nuclei (condensed chromatin)

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26
Q

PMN =

A

polymorphonuclear neutrophil

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27
Q

what will vag cytology looks like in proestrus? Estrus? Diestrus? Anestrus?

A

Proestrus: parabasal transitioning to intermediate
Estrus: intermediate trans. to superficial
Diestrus: PMNs + barabasal cells
Anestrus: basal cells

proestrus and diestrus can look very similar

28
Q

vaginoscopy use. How does it look in proestrusvs. estrus?

A

used to check progression but not used for ovulation timing. Proestrus looks pink/billowy/moist; estrus epithelium looks shrunken

29
Q

progesterone (P4) level estimates:**

A

LH peak and ovulation

30
Q

Clicker: how many days post LH surge is the bitch MOST fertile?***

31
Q

How does LH peak in dogs differ from in cows and horses?

A

peaks BEFORE ovulation.

32
Q

At what progesterone lvl does LH peak usually occur?

A

2-3.9 ng/ml

33
Q

The 2-2-2-2 rule

A

LH peak assumed when progesterone 2ng/ml
Ovulation occurs 2 days later
Breed 2 days later
Breed again 2 days later

34
Q

How long does LH peak last?

35
Q

How long after LH peak does ovulation occur?

A

24-48 hrs later

36
Q

LH test**

A

used for daily evaluation of LH lvl and precise timing of LH peak and ovulation.

  • useful if using frozen semen
  • easy to miss LH peak if run too late
  • used WITH P4 testing
  • expensive
  • has gone on and off market
37
Q

eggs are fertilizable how long after ovulation?

38
Q

what must happen to eggs after they are ovulated for them to become fertile?

A

must undergo meiosis. They are then fertile for about 24 hrs

39
Q

types of semen

A
  • natural service
  • fresh (used immediately)
  • cooled (used w/n 48 hrs)
  • frozen
40
Q

“wheel-barrow” position

A

helps push semen into cervix after vaginal insemination

41
Q

endoscopic transcervical insemination (TCI)

A

deposits semen intra-uterine

-appropriate for fresh, cooled, or frozen semen (esp. frozen, which doesn’t traverse uterus well)

42
Q

Norwegian catheter

A
  • trans-cervical insemination without endoscopic guidance

- deposits semen intra-uterine

43
Q

Surgical AI “Implant”

A
  • less challenging way of providing intra-uterine depostion
  • banned in Europe
  • exteriorizes uterus via laparotomy, or uses laparoscopy
44
Q

standard vaginal AI dose

A

(semen deposited in vagina)

-250 million progressively motile, morphologically normal/ 150 mill. motile minimum

45
Q

intra-uterine insemination dose

A

100 million PMMN minimum

-can be used with frozen semen

46
Q

what is present in diestrus that isn’t in proestrus?

A

neutrophils

47
Q

What changes cytologically between estrus and diestrus?**

A

ABRUPT change to NON-cornification.

-high progesterone stimulates this change

48
Q

How can onset of diestrus be used to time parturition?**

A

parturition will occur 57 +/- day from onset of cytological diestrus

49
Q

when should last natural matings be finished?

A

at least 2 days from onset of diestrus

50
Q

how many days does LH peak occur before onset of diestrus?

A

about 8-9 days

51
Q

length of gestation

A

57 +/- 1 day from cytological diestrus
65 +/- 1 day from LH peak
57-72 days from one random mating (up to 72 days because sperm lived 10 days in the bitch before fertilization occured)

52
Q

What to include in bitch’s first exam when timing bitch’s season

A 
PE
vag cytology
digital exam (to look for strictures)
\+/- vaginoscopy
Brucellosis test
HWP/parasitology?
\+/- P4, based upon cytology and big picture
53
Q

Next steps after 1st exam when timing bitch’s season

A

1) recheck every 2-3 days (P4 and vag cytology)
- LH can be evaluated too
- consider daily serum storage as P4 approaches 2ng/ml
2) Check P4 after expected ovulation to verify (should not rise)
3) Follow vag cyt daily for diestrus

54
Q

live vaccines during pregnancy?

55
Q

which cells aren’t cornified?

56
Q

which cells are cornified?

A

superficial and anuclear cells

57
Q

review slides 40,41

58
Q

LH peak occurs how many days prior to cytological onset of diestrus?**

59
Q

what type of ovulation occurs in cats?**

A

induced ovulation

-requires sufficient coital stimulation to release LH and cause ovultion

60
Q

ovulation occurs how long after suficient coital stimulation in cats?

61
Q

lordosis

A

estrus behavior of cats

  • very affectionate
  • butt in air
  • tredding/kneading
62
Q

how long does estrus last in cats

63
Q

methods of supporting feline mating

A
  • bring queen to male’s territory
  • begin mating on estrus days 2-4
  • minimum 3 times/day (4x in 2h period best)
  • look for queen’s after reaction
64
Q

how to artificially induce ovulation in queens

A

human chorionic gonadotrophin has LH effect (does NOT work in dogs)
-admin. day of or day prior to copulation

65
Q

methods of feline assisted reproduction

A
  • vaginal, surgical, or transcervical AI

* *anesthesia and surgical laparotomy will adversely affect ovulation!

Theriogenology (Fall 2014) (24 decks)

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