Lecture 15: Therio in Camelids Pt.1 (Pozor)

Question 1

puberty in male camelids is defined as:

Answer 1

when they start producing good quality sperm (18-20 mo.)

Question 2

female camelid puberty age

Answer 2

10 mo.

Question 3

age of first breeding in males and females

Answer 3

male: 2yr
Female: 12-13 mo. or 33 kg (65% of mature body weight)

Question 4

time of ovulation

Answer 4

INDUCED OVULATORS (24 hrs. after breeding)

Question 5

describe follicular waves of camelids

Answer 5

successive w/ long receptivity period and short non-receptive periods

• follicular phase repeats until ovulation occurs
• follicular waves continue during luteal phase

Question 6

stimuli that can cause camelid to ovulate

Answer 6

• penile cervical penetration
• treading and clasping of male’s legs on female’s back
• guttural humming sounds (orgling)
• ovulation inducing factor (OIF) secreted w/n seminal plasma**

Question 7

length of copulation

Answer 7

20-25 mins (5-65 min.) - longer than ruminants

Question 8

copulation/ejaculation process

Answer 8

• penis moves from one horn to another
• constant dribbling ejaculation
• seminal plasma gelatinous, holds sperm until ovulation takes place. Contains OIF

Question 9

field breeding strategy

Answer 9

• use rotary system with 2 groups of males rotating weekly, composing 5-6% of herd.
• disadvantage: don’t know which male breeds which female
• most common method

Question 10

AI breeding strategy challenges

Answer 10

• semen collection, evaluation
• semen dilution, cryopreservation
• semen delivery
• induction of ovulation

Question 11

methods of semen collection

Answer 11

intravaginal condom
electroejaculation (not very effective)
intravaginal sponge 
artificial vagina (can be hard to keep semen warm; uses a stricture to mimic cervix)
dummy w/ artificial vagina
vaginal aspiration
artificial repro tract (more effective)

Question 12

artificial vagina requires what to be effective?

Answer 12

constant temp. and stimulation

Question 13

camelid semen characteristics

Answer 13

(not well established):
0.4-12.5ml
milky-creamy white
82-250 million/ml (similar to stallion)
5-10% progressive motility (gelatinous)
no est. % normal morphology
viscous

Question 14

semen processing

Answer 14

liquefaction:
-incubation @ 37 C for 8hrs
-hydrolytic enzymes
-mechanical stirring
Dilution

Question 15

optimal time of mating

Answer 15

6-8 days from start of follicular wave, when follicle is at least 7mm

Question 16

how to synchronize females for AI

Answer 16

1) Altrenogest daily or:

2) prostaglandins 2 injections 10 days apart

Question 17

how to induce ovulation in females for AI

Answer 17

• vasectomized male
• GnRH (causes ovulation if pre-ovulatory follicle present)
• hCG (acts like LH)
• Seminal plasma injection (IM)

Question 18

camelid synchronization protocol

Answer 18

Day -13: Cloprostenol (PGF2a analog-lyses CL if present)
Day -12: Buserelin (GnRH analog-stims. follicular growth and/or ovulation)
Day -2: Cloprostenol
Day -1: Buserelin
Day 0: Ovulation

Question 19

ultrasound evaluation of follicular development

Answer 19

(optional)

follicle must be >7mm and growing

Question 20

when to do AI

Answer 20

22-24 hrs. after induction of ovulation, or w/n 2 hrs. after ovulation detection

Question 21

AI method

Answer 21

transcervical intrauterine AI:

• stabilize cervix per rectum
• inseminate both uterine horns

Question 22

laparoscopic AI

Answer 22

• semen deposition in the uterine horn ipsilteral to the ovary w/ an ovulatory-size follicle
• visualize both ovaries