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Theriogenology (Fall 2014) > L20: Canine and Feline Pregnancy & Diagnosis (Kelleman) > Flashcards

L20: Canine and Feline Pregnancy & Diagnosis (Kelleman) Flashcards

1
Q

Canines are CL dependent to term?

A

Y

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2
Q

can progesterone be used as pregnancy test in dogs?

A

NO. It is high in diestrus, irrespective of pregnancy status

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3
Q

when does luteolysis occur in pregnant bitches?

A

63-65d following LH surge, due to Prostaglandin F release (parturition quickly follows)

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4
Q

what type of placenta in dogs

A

endotheliochorial, zonary, deciduate

-has marginal hematomas for iron sharing

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5
Q

green pigment in dog placenta is

A

uteroverdin

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6
Q

palpation best done when?**

A

about 1 mo. after LH/ovulation

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7
Q

US best done when?**

A

3-4 wks after LH/ovulation

  • don’t dx bladder as pregnancy!
  • don’t count fetuses!
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8
Q

What other issues besides just confirm of pregnancy can be seen on US?

A
  • embryonic heart beat
  • anembryonic sacs (no embryo proper)
  • fetal death and mummification
  • fluid, endometrial cysts
  • pyo
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9
Q

T/F: progesterone is immune suppressive

A

T

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10
Q

low oxygen –> fetal HR

A

decreases

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11
Q

normal fetal HR:

A

> 180 (220-240)

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12
Q

fetal HR 160-180 indicative of

A

mild to moderate stress

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13
Q

fetal HR of <160 indicative of

A

severe stress - immediate intervention needed!

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14
Q

relaxin used for

A

preg. diagnosis
- prod. by placenta
- check once at least 28d post LH
- may not be accurate with singleton pup

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15
Q

Rads use in pregnancy

A

-best used in late gestation for litter size

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16
Q

when do fetal skulls calcify?

A

43-45d post LH

45d: skull**
61d: teeth**

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17
Q

when are cute phase proteins made?

A

in presence of inflammation

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18
Q

when is fibrinogen elevated?

A

pregnant bitches, or pyometra

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19
Q

gestation length in dogs***

A

65 +/- 1 day post LH peak
57 +/- 1 days from post DIESTRUS cytology
57-72 days from 1 breeding
Within 1 day of body temp falling to 99F

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20
Q

Scale of risk for toxicity and teratogenicity

A 
A: probably safe
B: safe if used cautiously
C: some risks
D: contraindicated
X: absolutely contraindicated
21
Q

physiological changes of canine pregnancy

A
  • normocytic normochromic anemia: increased plasma volume
  • Increased total protein: acute phase/fibrinogen
  • Energy homestasis: gestational diabetes mellitus and ketosis possible
22
Q

general health concerns during preg of bitch

A
  • nutrition
  • no live vaccines
  • HWP/Parasitology
  • Hypoluteoidism (CL not prod. enough progesterone)
  • plan for emergencies
  • no long acting corticosteroids
23
Q

Nutrition during preg for bitches

A
  • maintenance diet to 2/3 gestation
  • switch to puppy food last third of gest., or feed all stages diet throughout
  • poor appetite of late gestation –> risk of hypoglycemia and ketosis
  • greatest nutritional needs during lactation
24
Q

nutrition: Ca

A
  • do NOT supplement
  • predisposition to hypocalcemia postpartum
  • may supp. during lactation
25
Q

nutrition: raw diets

A
  • not recommended

- orgs. that will cause abortion: Campylobacter, Salmonella, E. coli, Toxoplasma gondii

26
Q

transmission of parasites in utero and through milk to pups

A

roundworms and hooks (also a zoonotic concern)

27
Q

hypoluteoidism

A
  • P4 below 1-2ng/ml –> parturition/pregnancy loss
  • signs: premature nesting, vulvar discharge
  • supplement with progestins (i.e. Regumate, Prometrium); MUST STOP PRIOR TO PARTURITION!
28
Q

Danger of early gestation progestin use

A

can cause fetal masculinization b/c placenta converts progesterone to androgens

29
Q

Canine Herpes Virus

A
  • causes mummies, abortions,etc.
  • resp/oral/veneral transmission
  • naive pregnant bitches at risk
  • decrease exposure throughout gestation
30
Q

how many litters can a queen have per year?

A

2-3

31
Q

cat placenta type

A

zonary, endotheliochorial, deciduate (same as dog)

32
Q

length of gestation in cats

A

65-67 days

33
Q

cats? CL dependent to term?**

A

Yes

34
Q

Can P4 be used to dx pregnancy in cats?**

A

No (can be spontaneously high when not pregnant)

35
Q

relaxin in cats

A
  • produced by placenta
  • promotes prolactin release
  • luteotrophic and may support the CL
  • can be used to diagnose pregnancy after 28 days gestation**
36
Q

physical changes in queens that are suggestive of pregnancy

A
  • more docile
  • mammary gland changes (at 3 wks)**
  • nipples pinker/more prominent**
37
Q

when is pregnancy palpable in cats?

A

> 2 weeks

-can feel fetal heads at 7 weeks

38
Q

when can first do US to dx pregnancy in cats?

A

2.5 weeks post mating

39
Q

when can fetal heart beat be detected in cats?

A

16d or >

40
Q

when do limb buds appear on US in cats?

A

20d

41
Q

when does bladder appear on US in cats?

A

30d

42
Q

when do kidneys appear on US in cats?

A

40d

43
Q

when do renal cortex/medulla appear on US in cats?

A

50d

44
Q

when can detect calcification, skull on rads?

A

after 38-43d

45
Q

when do fetal molars calcify in cats?

A

56-63d

46
Q

how can estimate gestational age on rads in cats?

A

measure crown rump length

47
Q

Queen nutrition during preg.

A
  • switch to kitten chow about 2/3 gestation
  • second trimester: 1.5x
  • last trimester: 2x maintenance
48
Q

mammary gland hypertrophy

A
  • occurs in young queen
  • progesterone influence
  • differential = neoplasia
  • tx: remove progesterone source (spay, luteolysis)

Theriogenology (Fall 2014) (24 decks)

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