Lab 5: Repro Evaluation of the Mare (Macpherson)

Question 1

components of mare gynecological exam

Answer 1

Hx/PE
External genitalia
transrectal exam
uterine culture
uterine cytology
endometrial biopsy
vaginal exam

Question 2

components of BSE

Answer 2

ID
Hx (general and repro)
PE
detailed repro exam
-conformation of perineum, overall conformtion of horse are important

Question 3

3 barriers to uterine infection***

Answer 3

1) vulva
2) vestibulo vaginal sphincter/seal
3) cervix

Question 4

vulva conformation

Answer 4

• should be perpendicular to top line of body

- vulvr lips should be opposed, no wind sucking or tilt

Question 5

general info to include in Hx

Answer 5

age
breed general health
vax
feed
housing
use 
weight changes

Question 6

repro info to include in Hx

Answer 6

estrous cycle
breeding method: AI, live cover, stallion fertility
foaling hx
hx of problems such as endometritis

Question 7

things to include in repro evaluation

Answer 7

exam of external genitalia
palpation of US of internal tract
uterine culture and cytology
uterine biopsy
speculum exam

Question 8

vestibule

Answer 8

caudalmost internl tract

Question 9

how does air appear in US?

Answer 9

white

Question 10

how does fluid appear in US?

Answer 10

black

Question 11

how does bone appear in US?

Answer 11

white

Question 12

how does ST appear in US?

Answer 12

shades of gray (denser = whiter)

Question 13

2 important differences b/w mare and cow repro tract

Answer 13

cow has thick cartilagenous rings to cervix, and is ventrally instead of dorsally suspended

Question 14

top 4 most common repro pathogens found in uterine culture**

Answer 14

1) Strep equi ssp. zooepidemicus
2) E. coli
3) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (standing water)
4) Klebsiella pneumoniae (wood)

Question 15

should eosinophils be seen on normal uterine cytology?

Answer 15

no

Question 16

neuts on uterine cytology indicative of

Answer 16

sperm, air, infection

Question 17

if both cytology and culture are positive for bacteria, indicative of:

Answer 17

infection

Question 18

if cytology positive but culture negative for bacteria, indicative of:

Answer 18

inflammation

Question 19

if cytology negative but culture positive, indicative of:

Answer 19

possible contamintion

Question 20

endometrial biopsy

Answer 20

• allows us to see histologic information that ties in with rest of the exam
• irritating to cervix but not uterus
• Pathology detected: low glandular density, inflammation, fibrosis, cystic glandular distention, lymphatic dilation

Question 21

pro/con of doing vag. speculum exam first

Answer 21

pro: see most pristine view
con: uterine culture could be contaminted

Question 22

T/F: no mare is considered sterile

Answer 22

T