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Theriogenology (Fall 2014) > L21: Dystocia, C-section, Post Partum Problems (Kelleman) > Flashcards

L21: Dystocia, C-section, Post Partum Problems (Kelleman) Flashcards

1
Q

physical signs 1-2 weeks before parturition in bitches

A
  • small amt. of vulvar discharge
  • anorexia and panting
  • +/- mammary development
  • nesting behavior
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2
Q

methods of predicting parturition

A
  • body temp/progesterone drop 12-48 hrs prior to part.
  • rads
  • progressive ossification
  • US
  • organ development
  • GI layering (58-60d; hypoechoic lumen and muscular layer)
  • GI peristalsis (62-64d post LH)**
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3
Q

3 stages of parturition

A

preparation
fetal expulsion
placental passage

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4
Q

breed dispostions to dystocia

A 
Boston Terrier
Bulldogs
Border terrier
Chihuahua
Cocker Spaniel
Mastiff, etc. etc.
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5
Q

rules of dystocia

A
  • prolonged gestation
  • stage I labor >12 hrs
  • stage 2 labor >4 hrs w/ no pup produced
  • stage 2 labor with hard contractions >30min
  • > 2 hrs since pup born
  • bitch systemically ill
  • frank vulvar hemorrhage
  • green vulvar d/c before pups (sign placenta is separating)
  • obvious abnormal presentation
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6
Q

uterine inertia

A

inability for uterine muscle to contract even with oxytocin

  • primary: dam fails to expel normal pups through vagina (as with Hypocalcemia, Singleton litter)
  • secondary: obstructive dystocia**
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7
Q

maternal causes for dystocia

A
  • inadequate size of birth canal

- uterine torsion/rupture (“acute abdomen”)

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8
Q

fetal causes for dystocia

A
  • Fetal oversize (Singleton litters, Hydrocephalus/anasarca)

- Abnormalities of presentation or posture (transverse, breech, deviation of head/neck or limbs)

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9
Q

Medical management of dystocia**

A
  • Oxytocin: should NOT be used with obstruction!
  • Hypocalcemia: Calcium gluconate (give IV slowly, helps efficacy of oxytocin)
  • Hypoglycemia: karo or glucose
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10
Q

Assisted vaginal delivery

A
  • must be in correct position and posture
  • clean perineum
  • lubricant
  • head or pelvis (not limbs)
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11
Q

what should fetal HR be in dogs?

A

2-2.5x that of dam’s

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12
Q

which drugs should be avoided in C-section?

A

ketamine
Methoxyflurane
Xylazine
Acepromazine

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13
Q

steps post-C section

A
  • oxytocin after uterine closure for contraction
  • lavage abdomen and uterine incision with warm saline
  • routine closure
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14
Q

methods of timing elective Cesarean

A

-at least 63d from LH surge, but no later than 65d
-monitor P4 daily and cut when drops below 2
+/- monitor fetal HR and cut when HR < 180 bpm

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15
Q

corticosteroids may be carefully used to induce final fetal maturation

A

T

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16
Q

Neonate Resuscitation Elements

A
  • vigorous rubbing to stim. breathing
  • airway: suction
  • supplement oxygen
  • drugs: dextrose, doxapram, epinephrine
  • keep dry and warm
17
Q

Neonatal exam

A

check for cleft palate, limbs/toes, functional anus, umbilical hernia, gender, etc.

18
Q

normal uterine involution

A
  • complete at 3 mo. post partum

- normal to have lochia 4-6wks

19
Q

Agalactia

A

inadequate milk production or let-down

  • If nutrion-caused, needs 2.5-4x maintenance
  • if nervous-caused, give acepromazine
  • oxytocin, domperidone, acupuncture can help
20
Q

Elements of PE for postpartum bitch

A
  • temperature (to 103.5 ok)
  • abdominal palpation
  • mammary glands
  • vulvar d/c quality
21
Q

mastitis dx/tx

A

Dx: culture/cytology (E. coli, staph, strep);
Tx: Abx (cephalexin, clavamox), anti-inflammatory, local therapy

22
Q

appearance of normal mammary glands

A

supple, soft, non-painful, not discolored

23
Q

dx/tx of metritis (“acute puerperal metritis”)

A 
Dx:
-abdominal assessment**
-CBC/Chem
-Culture/cytology
Tx: abx, supportive care, sx?
24
Q

Hypocalcemia/Eclampsia incidence/CS/Tx

A

-small breed
-multiple puppies
-1-4 wks post partum
CS: CNS signs of nervousness, trembling, inc. TPR, death
Tx: slow IV Ga gluconate; supplement or remove pups

25
Q

SIPS

A

Sub-involution of placental sites

  • causes prolonged hemorrhagic vulvar d/c
  • may cause anemia
  • can ignore or perform OVH
26
Q

Feline Dystocia

A
  • rare

- more common in Devon rex, short/long headed/nosed breeds

27
Q

Feline post partum problems

A 
(similar as in bitch)
metritis
mastitis
postparturient hypocalcemia
agalactia
SIPS
postpartum uterine prolapse (can amputate or replace)

Theriogenology (Fall 2014) (24 decks)

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