Lecture 4: bones of the lower limbs and pelvic joints Flashcards
Pelvis
“Basin”
Made of two hip bones.
Male hip bones = Narrow
Foramen is triangular in women
Ischial spine are shorter distance apart in males
Sacrum to public symphis is shorter in males
All designed for child birth
Bone marrow int he hip bone
Lots of it,
Take from the ilium, through the gluteal muscle
Iliac crest
Is exposed, yo can put your hand on it,
Can remove bone from here for bone grafts
Ischial Tuberosity
You sit on it, muscles of hamstring attach here
Fusing of hip bones
Pubis and ischium at 9
Ilium and these at around 16
Fully fushed at 20 - 25
Abnormal joint formation
More common in girls than boys, where hip joint doesnt form correctly
Fractured hip
Is a fracturing of the pelvis not common
Fractured femur
Or fracture of thigh bone, often called a fractured hip but isnt
Hip fracture
Could dislocated the sacroiliac joints = damaged of nerves = lots of pain in lower limbs
Fovea Capitis
Liagmentum teres/ round ligament of the femur goes here
Fracture will tear the ligament
Fracture neck of the femur
Common, will pop the head off, dislocate and youll have to replace the top of the femur
Putting in a titanium head
Osteperous hip use glue.
Hip joint angle over time
Changes as we age
Patella
Suspended by tendons
Direct blow to the knee can fracture this
Can live without but need PT to help to deal with it
Cartilage as a child.
Fracturing fibula
Will hurt but can walk on it.
Fibula bone grafts
Can be grafted for long and straight areas
Pott’s Fracture
Dislocate ankle and fracture the bones, happens when skiing
Proper walking
heel toe
Thumb amputaion
Great toe can be replaced as subtitue, but need a prosthetic for the big toe until muscles can deal with balance.
Sprained ankle
Most common
Hurt the ligaments of the ankle
Invert the foot bringing inward,
Flat feet
Arch of the foot is lost
Bad alignment of spine
Heel spurs
Excessive bone growth of the heel,
that is painful
grows from excessive heel striking
Sesamoid bones
Common in the big toes, can fracture these bones