Lecture 1 :Shoulder Joint and Trunk Muscles Flashcards
Arthrology
Study of joints
3 types of joints
Immovable, slightly moveable, freely moveable joints
Immoveable Joints
Sutures, fibourous
Slightly Moveable
Cartilaginous, ribs to costal hyaline cartilages, pubic symphysis, epiphyseal growth cartilages
Freely Moveable joints
Synovial (Joint capsule and fluid)
Temporomanidibular joint and joints in extremities
Synovial joints
Periosteum is the extension, making the fiborous capusle
Synovial fluid fills the space = No friction
Articular cartilage = Smooth motion
Sprain
In a joint,
Fluid fills the capsule, stretching it, movement becomes limited
Cracking Knuckle
Popping synovial fluid gas bubbles
Continous noise = bone to bone contact
Bursa
Fluid filled sacs around all major joints, underneath the muscle and skin
Bursitis
Excessive movement, inflame the bursa
of the shoulder = most common
Cold weather may make it uncomfortable = circulation problem
Bone seperate at the acromion and clavicle
Acromioclavicular ligament will be stretched, need surgery and will not heal on its own
Ligament have poor blood supply.
Breaking the humerus near the shoulder joint
Muscles pull the bones apart, damage the joint when breaking
= Muscle spas and the joint is immoveable
Gout
Metabolic disease
Related to nutrition -> rick and exotic food
You get crystals in the synovial fluid
Medication will get ride of the uric acid in the blood stream that creates this.
Syphilis in Joints
Enter joints, destroy the soft tissue and bones
Swells the joints = Disabliing and painful
Muscle tissue
high in proteins
Actin and Myosin
Myoglobin -> only found in muscle
Myoglobin
Close to hemoglobin in blood cells
Carries oxygen into tissue,
Special molecule more oxygen into muscle fibers
Dark meat = high myoglobin = dark, moist, rich
White meat = low in myoglobin = light color, leaner
Rigor mortis
Stiff death
Stiffness in muscle, changes in protein
1 - 7 hours of death, muscle = stiff and hard
Muscles loose stiffness enzymes break muscle down.
Muscle Shape
Latissimus = flat,
teres = round
Muscle size
Maximus, minimus, major, minor
Direction
Rectus = straight, oblique = diagonal, transverse = horizontal
Location
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, pectorals
Flex
Joints made smaller
Extensor
Angle made larger, joints larger
Abductor
Moving muscles away from the midline
Adduction
Moving muscles to the midline
Pronation
Rotate out of anatomical position
Supination
Rotate to the midline
Medial/ lateral rotation
At hip and shoulder
Circumduction
Rotate in full circle
Pectoralis Major
Foundation of the breasts
Radical Masectomy
Remove breast and all chest muscle
Limiting movement of that one side
Cancer will not enter chest muscle
Breast reconstruction
Implant is put underneath the pectoralis major
Protect the bag
Muscles of abdoment
act together to flex the spine
Serratus anterior
Pull scapula to the front
Abduction, flex hard,
Also called the sexy serratus = need to be fit to see it
Trapezius
Shrug exercise to build it up
Latissimus Dorsi
Swimmers muscle, Pulls on the humerus toward the pelvis
Deltoid
Aids in backward extension of the arm
Erector spinae Muscle
Group to straighten the spine
Exten the spine and pulls head to pelvis,
Opposes the abdominal
Bend at the waist, challenge the erector spinae, bend at the knees to lift
SITS
Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis
Rhomboideus Minor and Rhomboideus Major
Adduct Scapula, with minors above major
