Lecture 4 18/01/2017 Flashcards
how many billion cubic km of water on earth?
1.4 B
Meteoric water
Water derived from precipitation (snow and rain). This includes water from lakes, rivers, and ice melts, which all originate from precipitation indirectly.
Where does water typically flow over land surfaces?
Water follows the path of least resistance into surface irregularities, eroding them (e.g., gully erosion)
Hydrograph
shows a plot of river discharge over time
What are the two types of water flow?
Turbulent and Laminar flow
What lies directly above a water table?
The capillary zone
What do perched water tables form on top of?
an aquiclude
Cone of depression
the shape of water being sucked up at the location of a well
Surface subsistence
the land surface above an aquifer experiences a decrease in elevation
Artesian well
A well which is tapped below the upper most elevation of an aquifer (potentiometric surface), forcing water up through the well.
Sluice side
The lee side of a dam (where water escapes).
Instream water use
keep it in the water body (e.g., hydroelectric, recreation, transportation of goods, etc.)
Offstream use
withdrawal mainly for consumption (e.g., irrigation, industrial uses, agri, etc.)
What happens to water as you go down in depth?
Becomes saltier.
What is the difference between an aquiclude and aquitard?
Aquitard is a rock strata which restricts water flow.
Aquiclude is a rock strata which prevents water flow altogether.
