Lecture 2 11/01/2017

Question 1

rocks v. minerals

Answer 1

Minerals - naturally occurring chemical compounds

Rocks - aggregates of minerals occurring together

Question 2

What are the 3 main groups of rocks?

Answer 2

1. Igneous (intrusive, extrusive)
2. Metamorphic (foliated, non-foliated)
3. Sedimentary (residual, chemical, detrital/organic, clastic/pyroclastic)

Question 3

Lava v. magma

Answer 3

lava is extrusive, magma is intrusive

Question 4

What is the path of magma to becoming igneous rock?

Answer 4

1) Magma migrates towards earth’s surface
2) Intrudes into shallower rocks and minerals
3) Crystallizes and solidifies forming a variety of different igneous rocks.

Question 5

What is the difference between “Plutonic Intrusion” and “Hypabyssal Intrusion”?

Answer 5

Plutonic intrusion are deep lying igneous rocks w/ big crystals.

Hypabyssal intrusion are shallower than plutonic igneous rocks w/ small crystals.

Question 6

Surprisingly, what’s one of the main volcanic ‘gases’?

Answer 6

Steam

Question 7

What are the 3 different types of metamorphism?

Answer 7

Dynamic metamorphism - pressure

Thermal Metamorphism - heat

Regional metamorphism - pressure + heat

Question 8

What are the 5 different types of sedimentary deposits?

Answer 8

2. Residual deposits - material is dissolved, suspended material solidifies
3. Clastic/Pyroclastic deposits - from rock fragments/rock fragments from volcanoes.
4. Chemical deposits - transportation in solution, evaporites
5. Organic/Detrital deposits - biochemical accumulation (e.g., reef deposits, coal, etc.)

Question 9

What are the equivalents of ‘bent’ and

‘broken’ rocks?

Answer 9

Bent = ‘folded’
Broken = ‘faulted’

Question 10

Anticline v. syncline

Answer 10

Anticline - crest of rock strata

syncline - trough of a rock strata

Question 11

foliated v. nonfoliated metamorphic rocks

Answer 11

Foliated metamorphic rocks - stratified

Non-foliated metamorphic rocks - non-stratified

Question 12

Porosity v. Permeability

Answer 12

Porosity is a measure of how much of a rock is open space. This space can be between grains or within cracks or cavities of the rock.

Permeability is a measure of the ease with which a fluid (water in this case) can move through a porous rock.