Lecture 03-01-2017

Question 1

Permafrost occurs over __% of earth’s land area (high latitude locations)

Answer 1

20%

Question 2

What is Tilk?

Answer 2

Unfrozen earth lying above, within, or below permafrost.

Question 3

Where is the permafrost table located?

Answer 3

Uppermost area of permafrost.

Question 4

What is the active layer of permafrost?

Answer 4

The layer which is seasonally frozen and unfrozen.

Question 5

Discuss the thermal effects of roadways and permafrost.

Answer 5

Roadways are a good conductor of heat in comparison to neighbouring natural earth materials; summer thaw is deepest below roadways.

Question 6

Match the terms below to describe the process of plate interaction during an earthquake”

Stress
Strain
released
applied

Answer 6

Stress is applied, strain is released.

Question 7

What are the 3 phases of an earthquake?

Answer 7

1. Fore shocks
2. Main tremor
3. Aftershocks

Question 8

What are the 3 depth classifications of earthquakes?

Answer 8

Shallow = 33 km
Intermediate (most common) = 300km
Deep = 700km

Question 9

What is considered a “Young Volcano”?

Answer 9

A volcano which have been active within the recent millennia.

Question 10

What is an erg?

Answer 10

A unit of energy and work equal to 10^7 joules.

Question 11

What are some risk mitigation/management strategies for earthquakes?

Answer 11

1. Seismic risk maps (e.g., determine probability of earthquake occurrence)
2. Monitoring (e.g., earth movements, release of gases –radon, etc.)