Lecture 30/01/2017

Question 1

What are the 2 most common phases of petroleum?

Answer 1

Crude oil and natural gas

Question 2

Oil migrates from ________ to _________.

Answer 2

Source rock to reservoir rock

Question 3

For FS, hydrocarbon is synonymous with ________.

Answer 3

petroleum

Question 4

What is the full length of a series of drill pipes called?

Answer 4

A drill string

Question 5

What’s drilling mud all about?

Answer 5

cools the bit and creates a seal around the bore hole.

Question 6

Why are reservoirs of crude under pressure?

Answer 6

The pressure of overlying strata (overtop of reservoirs) is what creates high pressure within the reservoir.

Question 7

GOR

Answer 7

Gas Oil Ratio

Question 8

What are primary recovery and enhanced recovery? What are the categories?

Answer 8

Primary recovery (artesian)

Enhanced recovery:

• Secondary recovery (injection well - water flooding)
• Tertiary recovery - using more enhanced methods to extract oil (i.e., fire, increased pressure, etc.)

Question 9

Oil gravity

Answer 9

Viscosity of oil expressed in degrees (i.e., API gravity).

Bunker oil = Low API
Gasoline = High API

Question 10

Torbanite

Answer 10

organic rich muds formed in inland lakes (i.e., coal)

Question 11

Tasmanite

Answer 11

Organic rich muds formed from algae lagoons (i.e., coal)

Question 12

Green River

Answer 12

Area in Colorado with the largest shale oil deposit in the world; organic rich muds formed from algae (i.e., coal)

Question 13

Describe the process of coalification.

Answer 13

Coalification is a decrease of water and a concentration of carbon content (bituminous material) in organic rich soils.

Question 14

What’s the metric most important to the definition of non-renewable?

Answer 14

not replaceable on the human timescale

Question 15

What needs to happen to organic matter when it’s first deposited in order for it to eventually become a fossil fuel?

Answer 15

Organic matter has to be buried quickly to preserve it in order for it to create an oil deposit

Question 16

How long does it take to form fossil fuel deposits?

Answer 16

Hundreds of thousands to millions of years

Question 17

Biggest issue with “Arctic Warming”?

Answer 17

Permafrost is melting, among other things, releasing methane.

Question 18

Biggest issues with shale gas and fracking?

Answer 18

Groundwater pollution and seismic activity

Question 19

Big oil spills make up aprox. __% of total spills?

Answer 19

5%, the rest are small but theres a lot of them; they add up.

Question 20

Why are cold environmental (e.g., polar ecosystems) so vulnerable to oil spills?

Answer 20

Cold weather slows down microorganisms that assist in breaking down oil.

Question 21

Coal is formed from _____ plant material which experiences __________ conditions.

Answer 21

lush plants

anaerobic

Question 22

US has some of the most extensive _____ deposits in the world.

Answer 22

Coal

Question 23

Oil Shales - rock is not always shale and oil is actually __________ - it must be processed in order to be useable.

Answer 23

kerogen

Question 24

___% of oil sands deposits are in Canada. If they were counted as conventional oil we’d be second to Saudi Arabia in volumetric oil deposits.

Answer 24

70!

Question 25

What are other terms used to describe metamorphism?

Answer 25

1. Diagenesis
2. Lithification
3. Coalification

Question 26

What is one of the main tools used for enhanced oil recovery methods?

Answer 26

injection wells