Lecture 34- Male reproductive system 1

Question 1

What are the gonads?

Answer 1

Organs where gametes (sex cells) are

produced

Question 2

How do the gonads differ in males and females and what do they produce respectively?

Answer 2

Testes – spermatozoa (male)

Ovary – oocytes (female)

Question 3

What do genitalia allow?

Answer 3

Allow for coitus (passageway)- so that gametes can fuse to form an embryo (fertilization)

Question 4

Name the bones the hips are made of…

Answer 4

Hip bone= ilium, Pubis, Ischium

Sacrum + coccyx

Question 5

How do they pelvic inlet and outlet differ?

Answer 5

• Pelvic inlet is open (superior)
• Pelvic outlet is closed by muscles (inferior)
• Inlet is always bigger than outlet

Question 6

What are the two pelvic subdivisions?

Answer 6

False/greater pelvis=

• Superior region
• Above pelvic inlet
• Contains GI tract

True/lesser pelvis=

• Inferior region
• Between inlet and outlet
• Contains internal reproductive organs

Question 7

How do the male and female pelvis differ?

Answer 7

Female=

• Broader subpubic angle (equal to or greater than 100)
• Oval inlet
• Straighter coccyx

Male=

• Narrower subpubic angle (less than 90)
• Heart shaped inlet
• Curved coccyx

Question 8

What explains the difference in the male and female pelvis?

Answer 8

Females specialized to support weight of developing fetus and passage of baby (wider)

Question 9

What is the pelvic floor? What is it made of?

Answer 9

• Closes over pelvic outlet

- Two muscles: Levator ani, Coccygeus

Question 10

Describe the openings in the pelvic floor and how they differ for males and females…

Answer 10

Males= 2 openings

• Urethra in urogenital triangle
• Anus in anal triangle

Female= 3 openings

• Urethra in urogenital triangle
• Vagina in urogenital triangle
• Anus in anal triangle

Question 11

What are the two sections in the pelvic floor?

Answer 11

• Urogenital triangle

- Anal triangle

Question 12

What is the male perineum?

Answer 12

• Region inferior to the pelvic floor and between upper region of the thighs
• Includes external genitalia and anus

Question 13

What are the two regions in the male perineum?

Answer 13

• Anterior: urogenital triangle (Urethral opening; external genitalia)
• Posterior: anal triangle (Anal canal and fat)

Question 14

What is the function of the male reproductive system?

Answer 14

-To produce spermatozoa (sperm / male
gamete)
-Transport spermatozoa into the female
reproductive tract

Question 15

What are the three components of the male reproductive system?

Answer 15

• Testes (male gonad)
• Reproductive tract/duct
• Accessory structures and glands

Question 16

What is the path that the sperm follows along?

Answer 16

• Testes
• Epididymis
• Ductus (vas) deferens
• Ejaculatory duct
• Urethra

Question 17

What does the scrotum contain?

Answer 17

• Two testes
• Two epididymides
• Two spermatic cords (with part of ductus deferens)

Question 18

What is the function of the testes?

Answer 18

Produce sperm, testosterone and inhibin

Question 19

What are the testes surrounded by?

Answer 19

Dense fibrous capsule: the tunica albuginea

Question 20

What does the tunica albuginea divide the testes into? What do these contain?

Answer 20

Folds in to create lobes which contain seminiferous tubules

Question 21

What is the function of the Seminiferous tubules?

Answer 21

They are the actual site of sperm production

Question 22

What do the Seminiferous tubules join to create?

Answer 22

-Join to form rete testis
-Which join to form ductules leading to
epididymis

Question 23

What three important cell types are contained in the Seminiferous tubules?

Answer 23

• Interstitial endocrine (Leydig) cells produce testosterone
• Nurse (Sertoli) cells produce inhibin
• Spermatogenic cells: support spermatogonia and spermatozoa at various stages of development

Question 24

Where is the epididymis, what is its structure and function?

Answer 24

• Head, body, tail
• Sperm enter from seminiferous tubules and exit via ductus deferens
• Site of sperm maturation (physically for motility)

Question 25

Where is the ductus deferens located? What is it covered by?

Answer 25

• Continues from epididymis
• Starts in spermatic cord
• Runs behind the urinary bladder
• Dilates to form the ampulla
• Covered by smooth muscle

Question 26

What are the ejaculatory ducts formed from? Where does it open into?

Answer 26

• Union of the duct from the seminal vesicle and the ampulla

- Opens in the prostatic urethra

Question 27

What are the two functions of the male urethra?

Answer 27

Urination and ejaculation

Question 28

How does the epithelium change throughout the male urethra?

Answer 28

• transitional,
• columnar
• stratified squamous

Question 29

What are the three sections of the male urethra?

Answer 29

• Prostatic urethra
• Membranous urethra
• Penile/spongy urethra

Question 30

What are the two urethral sphincters called and how do they differ in function?

Answer 30

External:

• skeletal muscle
• voluntary control of urination

Internal: detrusor muscle
-Closes bladder ensuring sperm
ejaculated through the urethra

Question 31

What happens when the internal sphincter fails to close?

Answer 31

Retrograde ejaculation: sperm ends up in

bladder