Lecture 34- Male reproductive system 1 Flashcards
What are the gonads?
Organs where gametes (sex cells) are
produced
How do the gonads differ in males and females and what do they produce respectively?
Testes – spermatozoa (male)
Ovary – oocytes (female)
What do genitalia allow?
Allow for coitus (passageway)- so that gametes can fuse to form an embryo (fertilization)
Name the bones the hips are made of…
Hip bone= ilium, Pubis, Ischium
Sacrum + coccyx
How do they pelvic inlet and outlet differ?
- Pelvic inlet is open (superior)
- Pelvic outlet is closed by muscles (inferior)
- Inlet is always bigger than outlet
What are the two pelvic subdivisions?
False/greater pelvis=
- Superior region
- Above pelvic inlet
- Contains GI tract
True/lesser pelvis=
- Inferior region
- Between inlet and outlet
- Contains internal reproductive organs
How do the male and female pelvis differ?
Female=
- Broader subpubic angle (equal to or greater than 100)
- Oval inlet
- Straighter coccyx
Male=
- Narrower subpubic angle (less than 90)
- Heart shaped inlet
- Curved coccyx
What explains the difference in the male and female pelvis?
Females specialized to support weight of developing fetus and passage of baby (wider)
What is the pelvic floor? What is it made of?
- Closes over pelvic outlet
- Two muscles: Levator ani, Coccygeus
Describe the openings in the pelvic floor and how they differ for males and females…
Males= 2 openings
- Urethra in urogenital triangle
- Anus in anal triangle
Female= 3 openings
- Urethra in urogenital triangle
- Vagina in urogenital triangle
- Anus in anal triangle
What are the two sections in the pelvic floor?
- Urogenital triangle
- Anal triangle
What is the male perineum?
- Region inferior to the pelvic floor and between upper region of the thighs
- Includes external genitalia and anus
What are the two regions in the male perineum?
- Anterior: urogenital triangle (Urethral opening; external genitalia)
- Posterior: anal triangle (Anal canal and fat)
What is the function of the male reproductive system?
-To produce spermatozoa (sperm / male
gamete)
-Transport spermatozoa into the female
reproductive tract
What are the three components of the male reproductive system?
- Testes (male gonad)
- Reproductive tract/duct
- Accessory structures and glands
What is the path that the sperm follows along?
- Testes
- Epididymis
- Ductus (vas) deferens
- Ejaculatory duct
- Urethra
What does the scrotum contain?
- Two testes
- Two epididymides
- Two spermatic cords (with part of ductus deferens)
What is the function of the testes?
Produce sperm, testosterone and inhibin
What are the testes surrounded by?
Dense fibrous capsule: the tunica albuginea
What does the tunica albuginea divide the testes into? What do these contain?
Folds in to create lobes which contain seminiferous tubules
What is the function of the Seminiferous tubules?
They are the actual site of sperm production
What do the Seminiferous tubules join to create?
-Join to form rete testis
-Which join to form ductules leading to
epididymis
What three important cell types are contained in the Seminiferous tubules?
- Interstitial endocrine (Leydig) cells produce testosterone
- Nurse (Sertoli) cells produce inhibin
- Spermatogenic cells: support spermatogonia and spermatozoa at various stages of development
Where is the epididymis, what is its structure and function?
- Head, body, tail
- Sperm enter from seminiferous tubules and exit via ductus deferens
- Site of sperm maturation (physically for motility)
Where is the ductus deferens located? What is it covered by?
- Continues from epididymis
- Starts in spermatic cord
- Runs behind the urinary bladder
- Dilates to form the ampulla
- Covered by smooth muscle
What are the ejaculatory ducts formed from? Where does it open into?
- Union of the duct from the seminal vesicle and the ampulla
- Opens in the prostatic urethra
What are the two functions of the male urethra?
Urination and ejaculation
How does the epithelium change throughout the male urethra?
- transitional,
- columnar
- stratified squamous
What are the three sections of the male urethra?
- Prostatic urethra
- Membranous urethra
- Penile/spongy urethra
What are the two urethral sphincters called and how do they differ in function?
External:
- skeletal muscle
- voluntary control of urination
Internal: detrusor muscle
-Closes bladder ensuring sperm
ejaculated through the urethra
What happens when the internal sphincter fails to close?
Retrograde ejaculation: sperm ends up in
bladder
