lecture 32: female reproductive sys Flashcards
important structures
- uterus
- ovaries
- uterine tubes
- vagina
- vulva
- perineum
- breasts and mammary glands
posterior to anterior description of the female anatomy
posterior -> anterior
rectum (most), then vagina, medial is the bladder, then most anterior is pubis symphasis
uterus is superior
and pelvic floor is inferior
posterior to anterior description of the male anatomy
posterior -> anterior
rectum, prostate, pubis symphasis
bladder is superior (above prostate)
pelvic floor is inferior
what is true w relational anatomy of the female reproductive sys:
a) bladder superior to uterus
b) vagina is between rectum and bladder
c) uterus is located posterior and inferior to pubis symphasis
d) prostate located anterior to the rectum
B
ovaries location and size
- paired almond shaped and sized
- lateral to uterus
ovaries function
- formation of gametes (egg) -> oogenesis
- ovulation: release of egg into uterine tube
- secrete hormones: estrogen, progesterone
ovarian ligaments
held in place by….
1) ovarian ligament: connects to superior medial aspect
2) broad ligament: quite large attaches to superior, wraps around uterine tube
uterine tubes
(aka fallopian tubes)
- paired 10cm long tubes
- attached to uterus medially
function: transport egg to uterus
components of the uterine tubes
medial -> lateral
1. isthmus: short, narrow, thick walled
2. ampulla: widest, lateral 2/3
3. infundibulum: funnel shaped
4. fimbriae: fingerlike projections, in contact w the ovary
order the portions of the uterine tube from lateral to medial
fimbriae
infundibulum
ampulla
isthmus
uterus divisions
superior: fundas (dome shaped above uterine tubes)
middle: body; within this is the uterine cavity
inferior: cervix; within this is the cervical canal. the top is marked by the internal Os and bottom hosts the external Os
what does the external Os do
separates vagina from cervical canal
uterine wall from deep to superficial
- endometrium (mucosa)
- myometrium (middle and muscular)
- perimetrium (outer layer, simple squamous epithelium)
- uterine wall 2nd week of menstrual cycle
- 3rd week
- endometrium normal (myometrium is larger)
- endometrium thicker bc it is going to be shed w menstruation (endometrium much larger than myometrium)
ligaments of the uterus
- maintain position of the uterus => broad ligament
paired ligaments of the uterus
- cardinal ligaments: cervical uterus -> pelvic wall (like bird wings)
- uterosacral ligaments: uterus -> sacrum (attaches to uterus and sacrum)
- round ligaments: anterior uterus -> labia majora
functions of the uterus
- pathway for sperm to uterine tubes
- implantation of egg
- development of fetus
- labour (initial site)
- source of menstrual flow
which of the following regarding the uterus is correct:
a) layers of the uterine wall from superficial to deep are endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium
b) there are 4 paired ligaments to maintain the position of the uterus
c) the perimetrium is shed during menstruation
d) the cervical canal opens into the uterus at the internal Os
D
what is the vagina
- tubular, fibromuscular canal that is about 10 cm long
- exterior to uterus
- vaginal canal
vaginal fornices
posterior fornix
anterior fornix
lateral fornices
functions of the vagina
- sexual intercourse
- outlet for menstrual flow
- passage for childbirth
vulva
(external genital organs)
- mons pubis (elevation of adipose tissue, covered by skin and pubic hair)
- labia majora (2 longitudinal folds of skin)
- labia minora (2 smaller folds of skin medial to majora)
- clit
- vestibule (bordered by labia minora, contains vaginal and external urethral orifices)
- external urethral orifice (EUO)
male clit
mass of erectile tissue
external -> glans clit
internal -> body of the clit
select the correctly paired terms:
a) mons pubis & erectile tissue
b) clit and adipose tissue
c) labia minora and lateral folds
d) vaginal orifice and vestibule
d
perineum
diamond shaped
contains: urogenital structures, anus
borders:
anterior - symphysis pubis
posterior - coccyx
lateral - ischial tuberosities
divisions:
anterior urogenital triangle
posterior anal triangle
breast
- hemispheric projection
- variable in size
- anterior to pec. major and serratus anterior
features: nipple, areola (thing around nipple)
mammary gland
- located in each breast
- 15-20 lobes seperated by adipose tissue
- lobe consists of smaller lobules (contains glandular alveoli)
function: produce and secrete milk, non functional in males
lactation
- associated w preg and childbirth
- stim by prolactin
flow of milk
alveolar glands
mammary ducts
lactiferous ducts
nipple
