lecture 32: female reproductive sys

Question 1

important structures

Answer 1

• uterus
• ovaries
• uterine tubes
• vagina
• vulva
• perineum
• breasts and mammary glands

Question 2

posterior to anterior description of the female anatomy

Answer 2

posterior -> anterior
rectum (most), then vagina, medial is the bladder, then most anterior is pubis symphasis
uterus is superior
and pelvic floor is inferior

Question 3

posterior to anterior description of the male anatomy

Answer 3

posterior -> anterior
rectum, prostate, pubis symphasis
bladder is superior (above prostate)
pelvic floor is inferior

Question 4

what is true w relational anatomy of the female reproductive sys:
a) bladder superior to uterus
b) vagina is between rectum and bladder
c) uterus is located posterior and inferior to pubis symphasis
d) prostate located anterior to the rectum

Answer 4

B

Question 5

ovaries location and size

Answer 5

• paired almond shaped and sized
• lateral to uterus

Question 6

ovaries function

Answer 6

• formation of gametes (egg) -> oogenesis
• ovulation: release of egg into uterine tube
• secrete hormones: estrogen, progesterone

Question 7

ovarian ligaments

Answer 7

held in place by….
1) ovarian ligament: connects to superior medial aspect
2) broad ligament: quite large attaches to superior, wraps around uterine tube

Question 8

uterine tubes

Answer 8

(aka fallopian tubes)
- paired 10cm long tubes
- attached to uterus medially
function: transport egg to uterus

Question 9

components of the uterine tubes

Answer 9

medial -> lateral
1. isthmus: short, narrow, thick walled
2. ampulla: widest, lateral 2/3
3. infundibulum: funnel shaped
4. fimbriae: fingerlike projections, in contact w the ovary

Question 10

order the portions of the uterine tube from lateral to medial

Answer 10

fimbriae
infundibulum
ampulla
isthmus

Question 11

uterus divisions

Answer 11

superior: fundas (dome shaped above uterine tubes)
middle: body; within this is the uterine cavity
inferior: cervix; within this is the cervical canal. the top is marked by the internal Os and bottom hosts the external Os

Question 12

what does the external Os do

Answer 12

separates vagina from cervical canal

Question 13

uterine wall from deep to superficial

Answer 13

• endometrium (mucosa)
• myometrium (middle and muscular)
• perimetrium (outer layer, simple squamous epithelium)

Question 14

1. uterine wall 2nd week of menstrual cycle
2. 3rd week

Answer 14

1. endometrium normal (myometrium is larger)
2. endometrium thicker bc it is going to be shed w menstruation (endometrium much larger than myometrium)

Question 15

ligaments of the uterus

Answer 15

• maintain position of the uterus => broad ligament

Question 16

paired ligaments of the uterus

Answer 16

1. cardinal ligaments: cervical uterus -> pelvic wall (like bird wings)
2. uterosacral ligaments: uterus -> sacrum (attaches to uterus and sacrum)
3. round ligaments: anterior uterus -> labia majora

Question 17

functions of the uterus

Answer 17

• pathway for sperm to uterine tubes
• implantation of egg
• development of fetus
• labour (initial site)
• source of menstrual flow

Question 18

which of the following regarding the uterus is correct:
a) layers of the uterine wall from superficial to deep are endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium
b) there are 4 paired ligaments to maintain the position of the uterus
c) the perimetrium is shed during menstruation
d) the cervical canal opens into the uterus at the internal Os

Answer 18

D

Question 19

what is the vagina

Answer 19

• tubular, fibromuscular canal that is about 10 cm long
• exterior to uterus
• vaginal canal

Question 20

vaginal fornices

Answer 20

posterior fornix
anterior fornix
lateral fornices

Question 21

functions of the vagina

Answer 21

• sexual intercourse
• outlet for menstrual flow
• passage for childbirth

Question 22

vulva
(external genital organs)

Answer 22

• mons pubis (elevation of adipose tissue, covered by skin and pubic hair)
• labia majora (2 longitudinal folds of skin)
• labia minora (2 smaller folds of skin medial to majora)
• clit
• vestibule (bordered by labia minora, contains vaginal and external urethral orifices)
• external urethral orifice (EUO)

Question 23

male clit

Answer 23

mass of erectile tissue
external -> glans clit
internal -> body of the clit

Question 24

select the correctly paired terms:
a) mons pubis & erectile tissue
b) clit and adipose tissue
c) labia minora and lateral folds
d) vaginal orifice and vestibule

Answer 24

d

Question 25

perineum

Answer 25

diamond shaped
contains: urogenital structures, anus
borders:
anterior - symphysis pubis
posterior - coccyx
lateral - ischial tuberosities

divisions:
anterior urogenital triangle
posterior anal triangle

Question 26

breast

Answer 26

• hemispheric projection
• variable in size
• anterior to pec. major and serratus anterior
  features: nipple, areola (thing around nipple)

Question 27

mammary gland

Answer 27

• located in each breast
• 15-20 lobes seperated by adipose tissue
• lobe consists of smaller lobules (contains glandular alveoli)
  function: produce and secrete milk, non functional in males

Question 28

lactation

Answer 28

• associated w preg and childbirth
• stim by prolactin

Question 29

flow of milk

Answer 29

alveolar glands
mammary ducts
lactiferous ducts
nipple