lecture 21: circulatory system: blood vessels

Question 1

basic structure

Answer 1

3 layers:
- tunica intima
- tunica media
- tunica externa
thickness of each layer varies between blood vessels, giving them each diff properties

Question 2

tunica intima

Answer 2

• innermost layer of vessel: forms lumen
• endothelial lining of vessels: reduce friction
• basement membrane: provides support
• internal elastic membrane

Question 3

tunica media

Answer 3

• middle layer of vessel: controls lumen diameter
• smooth muscle
• external elastic lamina

Question 4

tunica externa

Answer 4

• external layer of vessel
• connective tissue cover: anchors vessel to surrounding tissue
• contains nerves and small vessels: supply vessel

Question 5

arteries

Answer 5

• large vessels carrying oxygenated blood
• pressure regulated by pumping of heart
• elastic artery: conducting arteries, help propel blood while ventricles relax
• muscular artery: distributing arteries, maintain blood pressure and efficient blood flow

Question 6

arterioles

Answer 6

• thick walls relative to vessel diameter
• smaller arteries that bring oxygenated blood to the capillary networks of tissues
• resistance vessels: functions; deliver blood to capillaries, and regulate flow into capillaries

Question 7

capillaries

Answer 7

~5-10 um diameter
- branched network of vessels that make contact w individual cells in tissues
- exchange vessels
function: permit exchange of nutrients and waste

Question 8

venules

Answer 8

• thin walls that do not maintain shape
• highly expandable
• coverage the form veins

functions: drain capillary blood to begin the return flow of blood

Question 9

veins

Answer 9

• thin walls relative to diameter
• do not maintain shape
• contain valves to aid venous return by preventing backflow

function: return blood to heart

Question 10

aorta

Answer 10

• left common carotid a.
• brachiocephali a.
• left subclavian a.
• aortic arch

Question 11

head and neck arterial supply

Answer 11

• right common carotid a.
• right subclavian a.
• brachiocephalic a.
• aortic arch
• left common carotid a.
• left subclavian a.
• left internal carotid a.
• left external carotid a.
• vertebral a.

Question 12

head and neck: venous return

Answer 12

• anterior jugular v.
• internal jugular v.
• subclavian v.
• external jugular v.
• brachiocephalic v.

Question 13

pulmonary vessels

Answer 13

• pulmonary artery
• pulmonary veins

Question 14

thorax: arterial supply

Answer 14

• aortic arch
• ascending aorta
• descending (thoracic) aorta
• right subclavian a.
• brachiocephalic a.
• left subclavian a.
• left common carotid a.

Question 15

thorax: venous return

Answer 15

• brachiocephalic v
• internal jugular v
• external jugular v.
• subclavian v.
• SVC

Question 16

upper limb arterial supply

Answer 16

subclavian a
axillary a
brachial a
ulnar a
radial a
brachial a

Question 17

upper limb venous drainage

Answer 17

brachial v
radial v
ulnar v
axillary v
subclavian v
brachiocephalic v
SVC

Question 18

abdomen arterial supply

Answer 18

superior mesenteric a
abdominal aorta
inferior mesenteric a
common iliac a
celiac trunk
renal a

Question 19

abdomen venous drainage

Answer 19

hepatic v
IVC
renal v

Question 20

lower limb arterial supply

Answer 20

common iliac a
internal iliac a
femoral a
popliteal a
external iliac a
plantar a
posterior tibial a
fibular a
anterior tibial a
dorsal arteries

Question 21

lower limb venous drainage

Answer 21

popliteal v
anterior tibial v
fibular v
great saphenous v
posterior tibial v
plantar v
IVC
common iliac v
external iliac v
femoral v