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ANAT101 EXAM > lecture 23: resp sys > Flashcards

lecture 23: resp sys Flashcards

1
Q

the respiratory system

A

network of organs and tissues that allow us to breathe and provide other structures w oxygen

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2
Q

connection to cardiovascular system

A

work together to…
- supply o2
- eliminate co2

resp system involved in:
- gas exchange

cardiovascular sys involved in:
- transport of substances containing gases

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3
Q

deoxygenated blood

A

SVC/IVC -> RA/RV -> Pulmonary AA

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4
Q

oxygenated blood

A

Pulmonary VV -> LA/LV -> Aorta

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5
Q

additional roles cardio and resp

A

speech
blood pH and regulation
filtration of air
elimination of substances

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6
Q

functional divisions

A
  1. conducting zone
  2. respiratory zone
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7
Q

conducting zone

A

nose
nasal cavity
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles

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8
Q

respiratory zone

A
  • resp bronchioles
  • alveolar ducts
  • alveolar sacs
  • pulmonary alveoli
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9
Q

where/what is mucosa

A
  • lines the conducting division of the resp tract
  • filters and conditions air
  • made up of: epithelium, connective tissue, mucous
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10
Q

mucous

A

outer layer to “trap”

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11
Q

cilia

A

to “sweep”

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12
Q

goblet cells

A

to produce mucous layer

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13
Q

epithelium

A
  • ciliated (pseudostratified columnar)
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14
Q

basement membrane

A
  • separating epithelium and connective tissue
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15
Q

lamina propria

A

connective

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16
Q

the nose and nasal cavity

A

bony nose (7)
- frontal
- nasal
- ethmoid
- cartilage
- maxilla
- palatine
- vomer
- sphenoid
cartilage

17
Q

paranasal sinuses

A
  1. frontal
  2. sphenoidal
  3. ethmoidal
  4. maxillary

functions:
- produce mucous
- resonate sound
- condition air
- decrease weight of skull

18
Q

the pharynx

A

“throat”
- funnel-shaped tube
- anterior to cervical vertebrae
- function: passage for air/food, resonates sound
- division: nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

19
Q

which statement regarding the resp system structure is true?
a) from superior to inferior, the pharynx is divided into the oropharynx, the nasopharynx, and the laryngopharynx
b) nose is only made up of 7 bones
c) paranasal sinuses aid in the production of mucous, decrease the weight of skull, and resonate sound
d) the pharynx is a structure that only passes thru air

A

c) paranasal sinuses aid in the production of mucous, decrease the weight of skull, and resonate sound

20
Q

the larynx

A

“voice box”
- short passageway from pharynx to trachea (C4-C6)
contains:
- epiglottis
- thyroid cartilage
- cricoid cartilage
- vestibular folds
- vocal folds

21
Q

the trachea

A

“windpipe”
- air passageway from larynx to bronchi
- anterior to esophagus
- c-shaped cartilaginous rings: permit expansion of esophagus, provide support to trachea
soft posterior wall = trachealis muscle (changes size of diameter of trachea)
separated to left and right bronchi (carina)

22
Q

primary bronchi

A
  • left and right division of trachea
  • entry to lung
  • right = more vertical, shorter, and wider
23
Q

secondary bronchi

A
  • lobar bronchi
  • 1 per lobe (3 in right, 2 in left)
24
Q

tertiary bronchi

A

10 per lung

25
Q

bronchioles

A
  • division of the tertiary bronchi
  • progressively get smaller in diameter: until eventually the terminal bronchioles are formed (smallest)
26
Q

lungs

A
  • in thoracic cavity
  • paired cone-shaped organs: separated by the heart
  • each lung is enclosed and protected by pleural membrane
27
Q

pleural membranes

A
  1. parietal pleura - lines the thoracic cavity
  2. visceral pleura - adheres to lung
    btwn 2 membranes is the pleural cavity; fluid filled to reduce friction
28
Q

which statement regarding the resp sys structures is false:
a) the larynx contains true and false vocal cords, making this structure the “voice box”
b) the left primary bronchus is shorter, more vertical, and wider than the right primary bronchus
c) the parietal pleura lines the thoracic cavity while the visceral pleura is in contact w the lung
d) there are 10 segmental bronchi in each lung

A

b) the left primary bronchus is shorter, more vertical, and wider than the right primary bronchus

29
Q

lung surfaces

A

apex
costal surface
mediastinal surface
base (diaphragmatic surface)

30
Q

lung hilum

A
  • entry to lung
  • contains: pulmonary AA, primary bronchi, pulmonary VV
31
Q

conducting zone

A
  • nose/nasal cavity
  • pharynx
  • larynx
  • trachea
  • bronchi and branches
  • lung
    mucosa lining structures of conducting zone
  • air conduction
  • air conditioning
32
Q

respiratory

A
  • resp bronchioles
  • alveolar ducts
  • alveolar sacs
  • alveoli
  • respiratory gas exchange
33
Q

nose/nasal cavity

A
  • bone made up of 7 bones: frontal, nasal, maxilla, vomer, sphenoid, ethmoid, palatine
  • anterior nasal cartilage
  • 4 sinuses: frontal, maxillary, ethmoidal, sphenoidal
34
Q

pharynx

A
  • funnel shaped tube anterior to vertebrae
  • “throat”
  • nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
35
Q

larynx

A
  • short passageway (C4-C6)
  • “voice box”
  • epiglottis, vestibular folds, vocal folds, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage
36
Q

trachea

A
  • anterior to esophagus
  • “windpipe”
  • C-shaped cartilaginous rings
  • trachealis muscle
  • bifurcates to form bronchi
37
Q

bronchi

A
  • primary bronchi (L and R)
  • secondary bronchi (3 in right, 2 in left)
  • tertiary bronchi: 10 per lung
38
Q

lungs

A

surfaces: apex, base, mediastinal, costal
- R lung divided into 3 lobes via 2 fissures
- L lung divided into 2 lobes via 1 fissure
- lung hilum (entry point for vessels) includes… pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, bronchi

ANAT101 EXAM (18 decks)

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