lecture 23: resp sys Flashcards
the respiratory system
network of organs and tissues that allow us to breathe and provide other structures w oxygen
connection to cardiovascular system
work together to…
- supply o2
- eliminate co2
resp system involved in:
- gas exchange
cardiovascular sys involved in:
- transport of substances containing gases
deoxygenated blood
SVC/IVC -> RA/RV -> Pulmonary AA
oxygenated blood
Pulmonary VV -> LA/LV -> Aorta
additional roles cardio and resp
speech
blood pH and regulation
filtration of air
elimination of substances
functional divisions
- conducting zone
- respiratory zone
conducting zone
nose
nasal cavity
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles
respiratory zone
- resp bronchioles
- alveolar ducts
- alveolar sacs
- pulmonary alveoli
where/what is mucosa
- lines the conducting division of the resp tract
- filters and conditions air
- made up of: epithelium, connective tissue, mucous
mucous
outer layer to “trap”
cilia
to “sweep”
goblet cells
to produce mucous layer
epithelium
- ciliated (pseudostratified columnar)
basement membrane
- separating epithelium and connective tissue
lamina propria
connective
the nose and nasal cavity
bony nose (7)
- frontal
- nasal
- ethmoid
- cartilage
- maxilla
- palatine
- vomer
- sphenoid
cartilage
paranasal sinuses
- frontal
- sphenoidal
- ethmoidal
- maxillary
functions:
- produce mucous
- resonate sound
- condition air
- decrease weight of skull
the pharynx
“throat”
- funnel-shaped tube
- anterior to cervical vertebrae
- function: passage for air/food, resonates sound
- division: nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
which statement regarding the resp system structure is true?
a) from superior to inferior, the pharynx is divided into the oropharynx, the nasopharynx, and the laryngopharynx
b) nose is only made up of 7 bones
c) paranasal sinuses aid in the production of mucous, decrease the weight of skull, and resonate sound
d) the pharynx is a structure that only passes thru air
c) paranasal sinuses aid in the production of mucous, decrease the weight of skull, and resonate sound
the larynx
“voice box”
- short passageway from pharynx to trachea (C4-C6)
contains:
- epiglottis
- thyroid cartilage
- cricoid cartilage
- vestibular folds
- vocal folds
the trachea
“windpipe”
- air passageway from larynx to bronchi
- anterior to esophagus
- c-shaped cartilaginous rings: permit expansion of esophagus, provide support to trachea
soft posterior wall = trachealis muscle (changes size of diameter of trachea)
separated to left and right bronchi (carina)
primary bronchi
- left and right division of trachea
- entry to lung
- right = more vertical, shorter, and wider
secondary bronchi
- lobar bronchi
- 1 per lobe (3 in right, 2 in left)
tertiary bronchi
10 per lung
bronchioles
- division of the tertiary bronchi
- progressively get smaller in diameter: until eventually the terminal bronchioles are formed (smallest)
lungs
- in thoracic cavity
- paired cone-shaped organs: separated by the heart
- each lung is enclosed and protected by pleural membrane
pleural membranes
- parietal pleura - lines the thoracic cavity
- visceral pleura - adheres to lung
btwn 2 membranes is the pleural cavity; fluid filled to reduce friction
which statement regarding the resp sys structures is false:
a) the larynx contains true and false vocal cords, making this structure the “voice box”
b) the left primary bronchus is shorter, more vertical, and wider than the right primary bronchus
c) the parietal pleura lines the thoracic cavity while the visceral pleura is in contact w the lung
d) there are 10 segmental bronchi in each lung
b) the left primary bronchus is shorter, more vertical, and wider than the right primary bronchus
lung surfaces
apex
costal surface
mediastinal surface
base (diaphragmatic surface)
lung hilum
- entry to lung
- contains: pulmonary AA, primary bronchi, pulmonary VV
conducting zone
- nose/nasal cavity
- pharynx
- larynx
- trachea
- bronchi and branches
- lung
mucosa lining structures of conducting zone - air conduction
- air conditioning
respiratory
- resp bronchioles
- alveolar ducts
- alveolar sacs
- alveoli
- respiratory gas exchange
nose/nasal cavity
- bone made up of 7 bones: frontal, nasal, maxilla, vomer, sphenoid, ethmoid, palatine
- anterior nasal cartilage
- 4 sinuses: frontal, maxillary, ethmoidal, sphenoidal
pharynx
- funnel shaped tube anterior to vertebrae
- “throat”
- nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
larynx
- short passageway (C4-C6)
- “voice box”
- epiglottis, vestibular folds, vocal folds, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage
trachea
- anterior to esophagus
- “windpipe”
- C-shaped cartilaginous rings
- trachealis muscle
- bifurcates to form bronchi
bronchi
- primary bronchi (L and R)
- secondary bronchi (3 in right, 2 in left)
- tertiary bronchi: 10 per lung
lungs
surfaces: apex, base, mediastinal, costal
- R lung divided into 3 lobes via 2 fissures
- L lung divided into 2 lobes via 1 fissure
- lung hilum (entry point for vessels) includes… pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, bronchi
