lecture 23: resp sys

Question 1

the respiratory system

Answer 1

network of organs and tissues that allow us to breathe and provide other structures w oxygen

Question 2

connection to cardiovascular system

Answer 2

work together to…
- supply o2
- eliminate co2

resp system involved in:
- gas exchange

cardiovascular sys involved in:
- transport of substances containing gases

Question 3

deoxygenated blood

Answer 3

SVC/IVC -> RA/RV -> Pulmonary AA

Question 4

oxygenated blood

Answer 4

Pulmonary VV -> LA/LV -> Aorta

Question 5

additional roles cardio and resp

Answer 5

speech
blood pH and regulation
filtration of air
elimination of substances

Question 6

functional divisions

Answer 6

1. conducting zone
2. respiratory zone

Question 7

conducting zone

Answer 7

nose
nasal cavity
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles

Question 8

respiratory zone

Answer 8

• resp bronchioles
• alveolar ducts
• alveolar sacs
• pulmonary alveoli

Question 9

where/what is mucosa

Answer 9

• lines the conducting division of the resp tract
• filters and conditions air
• made up of: epithelium, connective tissue, mucous

Question 10

mucous

Answer 10

outer layer to “trap”

Question 11

cilia

Answer 11

to “sweep”

Question 12

goblet cells

Answer 12

to produce mucous layer

Question 13

epithelium

Answer 13

• ciliated (pseudostratified columnar)

Question 14

basement membrane

Answer 14

• separating epithelium and connective tissue

Question 15

lamina propria

Answer 15

connective

Question 16

the nose and nasal cavity

Answer 16

bony nose (7)
- frontal
- nasal
- ethmoid
- cartilage
- maxilla
- palatine
- vomer
- sphenoid
cartilage

Question 17

paranasal sinuses

Answer 17

1. frontal
2. sphenoidal
3. ethmoidal
4. maxillary

functions:
- produce mucous
- resonate sound
- condition air
- decrease weight of skull

Question 18

the pharynx

Answer 18

“throat”
- funnel-shaped tube
- anterior to cervical vertebrae
- function: passage for air/food, resonates sound
- division: nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Question 19

which statement regarding the resp system structure is true?
a) from superior to inferior, the pharynx is divided into the oropharynx, the nasopharynx, and the laryngopharynx
b) nose is only made up of 7 bones
c) paranasal sinuses aid in the production of mucous, decrease the weight of skull, and resonate sound
d) the pharynx is a structure that only passes thru air

Answer 19

c) paranasal sinuses aid in the production of mucous, decrease the weight of skull, and resonate sound

Question 20

the larynx

Answer 20

“voice box”
- short passageway from pharynx to trachea (C4-C6)
contains:
- epiglottis
- thyroid cartilage
- cricoid cartilage
- vestibular folds
- vocal folds

Question 21

the trachea

Answer 21

“windpipe”
- air passageway from larynx to bronchi
- anterior to esophagus
- c-shaped cartilaginous rings: permit expansion of esophagus, provide support to trachea
soft posterior wall = trachealis muscle (changes size of diameter of trachea)
separated to left and right bronchi (carina)

Question 22

primary bronchi

Answer 22

• left and right division of trachea
• entry to lung
• right = more vertical, shorter, and wider

Question 23

secondary bronchi

Answer 23

• lobar bronchi
• 1 per lobe (3 in right, 2 in left)

Question 24

tertiary bronchi

Answer 24

10 per lung

Question 25

bronchioles

Answer 25

- division of the tertiary bronchi - progressively get smaller in diameter: until eventually the terminal bronchioles are formed (smallest)

Question 26

lungs

Answer 26

- in thoracic cavity - paired cone-shaped organs: separated by the heart - each lung is enclosed and protected by pleural membrane

Question 27

pleural membranes

Answer 27

1. parietal pleura - lines the thoracic cavity 2. visceral pleura - adheres to lung btwn 2 membranes is the pleural cavity; fluid filled to reduce friction

Question 28

which statement regarding the resp sys structures is false: a) the larynx contains true and false vocal cords, making this structure the "voice box" b) the left primary bronchus is shorter, more vertical, and wider than the right primary bronchus c) the parietal pleura lines the thoracic cavity while the visceral pleura is in contact w the lung d) there are 10 segmental bronchi in each lung

Answer 28

b) the left primary bronchus is shorter, more vertical, and wider than the right primary bronchus

Question 29

lung surfaces

Answer 29

apex costal surface mediastinal surface base (diaphragmatic surface)

Question 30

lung hilum

Answer 30

- entry to lung - contains: pulmonary AA, primary bronchi, pulmonary VV

Question 31

conducting zone

Answer 31

- nose/nasal cavity - pharynx - larynx - trachea - bronchi and branches - lung mucosa lining structures of conducting zone - air conduction - air conditioning

Question 32

respiratory

Answer 32

- resp bronchioles - alveolar ducts - alveolar sacs - alveoli - respiratory gas exchange

Question 33

nose/nasal cavity

Answer 33

- bone made up of 7 bones: frontal, nasal, maxilla, vomer, sphenoid, ethmoid, palatine - anterior nasal cartilage - 4 sinuses: frontal, maxillary, ethmoidal, sphenoidal

Question 34

pharynx

Answer 34

- funnel shaped tube anterior to vertebrae - "throat" - nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Question 35

larynx

Answer 35

- short passageway (C4-C6) - "voice box" - epiglottis, vestibular folds, vocal folds, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage

Question 36

trachea

Answer 36

- anterior to esophagus - "windpipe" - C-shaped cartilaginous rings - trachealis muscle - bifurcates to form bronchi

Question 37

bronchi

Answer 37

- primary bronchi (L and R) - secondary bronchi (3 in right, 2 in left) - tertiary bronchi: 10 per lung

Question 38

lungs

Answer 38

surfaces: apex, base, mediastinal, costal - R lung divided into 3 lobes via 2 fissures - L lung divided into 2 lobes via 1 fissure - lung hilum (entry point for vessels) includes... pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, bronchi