lecture 20: the heart

Question 1

anatomical structure in RED

Answer 1

= oxygenated blood

Question 2

anatomical structure in BLUE

Answer 2

= deoxygenated blood

Question 3

heart

Answer 3

integral organ which continuously supplies (pumps) blood to all the tissues in the body!
- hollow, cone-shaped organ
- approx 12 cm long, 9 cm wide, 6 cm thick

Question 4

heart surfaces anterior

Answer 4

atrioventricular groove (contains coronary sinus which is the largest vein), anterior interventricular groove (main pulmonary artery and ascending aorta)

Question 5

layers of the heart

Answer 5

1. pericardium
2. heart wall

Question 6

pericardium + types (2)

Answer 6

sac that surrounds and protects the heart

fibrous pericardium
serous pericardium (parietal and visceral)

fibrous outside, parietal middle, visceral innermost

Question 7

fibrous pericardium

Answer 7

• superficial
• tough, inelastic dense irregular connective tissue
• functions: prevents overstretching, provides protection, anchors heart

Question 8

serous pericardium

Answer 8

• deep
• thin, delicate membrane
• 2 layers: parietal layer (outer), visceral layer (inner)
• pericardial cavity btwn layers

Question 9

heart wall layers

Answer 9

epicardium: outermost, CT covered by epithelium
myocardium: middle, cardiac muscle
endocardium: innermost, CT covered by epithelium (endothelial cells)

Question 10

visceral pericardium =

Answer 10

epicardium

Question 11

chambers of the heart

Answer 11

RA -> RV -> LA -> LV

Question 12

RA

Answer 12

key vessels: SVC, IVC, coronary sinus
key structures: fossa ovale, pectinate muscles
key valves: tricuspid

Question 13

RV

Answer 13

key vessels: pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries (2)
key structures: chordae tendineae, papillary muscles, trabeculae carneae
key valves: tricuspid, pulmonary

Question 14

LA

Answer 14

key vessels: pulmonary veins (4)
key valves: bicuspid

Question 15

“Try before you Buy”

Answer 15

TRIcuspid before BIcuspid valve

Question 16

what side of the heart is the tricuspid

Answer 16

tRicuspid has an “R” so it’s on the RIGHT side of the heart

Question 17

LV

Answer 17

key vessels: aorta, coronary arteries
key structures: chordae tendineae, papillary muscles, trabeculae carneae
key valves: bicuspid, aortic

Question 18

valve summary

Answer 18

pulmonary (semilunar)
aortic (semilunar)
bicuspid/mitral (left atrioventricular)
tricuspid (right atrioventricular)

Question 19

heartbeat

Answer 19

2 major alternating heart sounds
1st (S1) -> AV valves close (atria contracts)
2nd (S2) -> semilunar valves close (ventricles contract)

Question 20

pulmonary circulation

Answer 20

oxygenation of blood by lungs

SVC/IVS -> RA -> RV -> Pulmonary Trunk -> Pulmonary arteries to lungs

Question 21

systemic circulation

Answer 21

blood to/from the body (organs/tissues)

(from lungs - pulmonary) -> pulmonary veins -> LA -> LV -> aorta -> body tissues

Question 22

blood flow thru heart

Answer 22

1. SVC and IVC (o2 poor)
2. RA (o2 poor)
3. tricuspid (o2 poor)
4. RV (o2 poor)
5. pulmonary valve (o2 poor)
6. pulmonary arteries (o2 poor)
7. pulmonary veins (o2 rich)
8. LA (o2 rich)
9. mitral (o2 rich)
10. LV (o2 rich)
11. aortic (o2 rich)
12. aorta (o2 rich)

Question 23

coronary circulation

Answer 23

blood to/from the heart muscles/layers

blood supply:
- R coronary artery; posterior descending artery
- L coronary artery; circumflex artery, left anterior descending artery

venous drainage:
- coronary sinus: great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, small cardiac vein

Question 24

which vessel is a branch of the right coronary artery?

Answer 24

posterior descending artery