lecture 25: digestive system

Question 1

digestive canal order

Answer 1

(passageway from mouth to anus)
oral cavity
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
anal canal

Question 2

accessory organs order

Answer 2

(storage and help breakdown food to be transported thru canal)
salivary glands
teeth and tongue
liver
pancreas
gallbladder

Question 3

oral vestibule

Answer 3

spaces between teeth/gums and lips/cheeks

Question 4

oral cavity proper

Answer 4

“mouth”
space between teeth/gums and fauces

Question 5

oral cavity borders:
anterior
lateral (walls)
posterior
superior (roof)
inferior (floor)

Answer 5

anterior: lips, teeth, oral vestibule
lateral (walls): cheeks
posterior: fauces
superior (roof): hard palate, soft palate
inferior (floor): tongue

Question 6

functions of the digestive system

Answer 6

• protection: senses and analyzes
• digestion: mechanical and chemical breakdown
• secretion: lubrication

Question 7

teeth

Answer 7

function: mastication (chewing)
location: alveolar processes on maxilla (upper jaw), alveolar processes on mandible (lower jaw)

Question 8

types of teeth

Answer 8

• incisors “bite”
• canines “cut/tear”
• premolars “crush/grind”
• molars “crush/grind”

Question 9

total teeth plus how many in each quadrant of deciduous

Answer 9

total 20, 5 per quadrant
incisors: 2
canines: 1
molars: 1

Question 10

total teeth plus how many in each quadrant of permanent

Answer 10

total = 32
8/quadrant
incisors = 2
canines = 1
premolars = 2
molars = 3

Question 11

tongue

Answer 11

structures:
- epiglottis
- lingual tonsils
- papillae
- root posterior 1/3rd immobile rough portion
- body anterior 2/3rds mobile portion
functions:
- taste
- mechanical breakdown
- speech

Question 12

salivary glands

Answer 12

• secrete saliva into the oral cavity
• reduces friction
• chemical digestion
• parotid gland
• sublingual gland
• submandibular gland

Question 13

parotid gland

Answer 13

• largest
• secretes amylase
• serous secretions

Question 14

sublingual gland

Answer 14

sub = below
lingual = tongue
- mucous secretions

Question 15

submandibular glands

Answer 15

sub = below
mandibular = mandible
- seromucous secretions

Question 16

pharynx

Answer 16

• bolus: soft, flexible mass of food that can be swallowed
• pharyn: “throat”, funnel-shaped tube, inferior borders: larynx anteriorly, esophagus posteriorly
  foodway, oropharynx, laryngo-pharynx

Question 17

esophagus

Answer 17

• long, collapsible muscular tube
• secretes mucus, lubricates lumen
• transports food to stomach

no absorption, no production of digestive enzymes

Question 18

esophagus pathway

Answer 18

laryngopharynx -> 1. inferior neck -> 2. mediastinum -> 3. esophageal hiatus -> superior stomach

Question 19

where is the location of the esophagus

Answer 19

anterior to vertebral column
posterior to trachea

Question 20

esophagus features

Answer 20

• upper esophageal sphincter (UES)
• peristalsis: involuntary muscle contractions
• lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

Question 21

mechanism of swallowing

Answer 21

teeth: mechanical digestion
tongue: maneuvers food
uvula and epiglottis: direct bolus
pharynx: oropharynx, laryngopharynx
esophagus: UES, peristalsis, LES

Question 22

oral cavity

Answer 22

labia frenulum
lingual frenulum
gingivae
uvula
fauces
tongue

Question 23

salivary glands

Answer 23

• parotid gland
• sublingual gland
• submandibular gland
• wharton’s duct

Question 24

greater omentum

Answer 24

attaches stomach to small intestine and transverse colon

Question 25

lesser omentum

Answer 25

attaches stomach and duodenum to the liver

Question 26

falciform ligament

Answer 26

attaches liver to anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm

Question 27

mesentery

Answer 27

anchors jejunum and ileum to posterior abdominal wall

Question 28

mesocolon

Answer 28

anchors transverse and sigmoid colon to posterior abdominal wall (double-fold of visceral peritoneum)