lecture 25: digestive system Flashcards
digestive canal order
(passageway from mouth to anus)
oral cavity
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
anal canal
accessory organs order
(storage and help breakdown food to be transported thru canal)
salivary glands
teeth and tongue
liver
pancreas
gallbladder
oral vestibule
spaces between teeth/gums and lips/cheeks
oral cavity proper
“mouth”
space between teeth/gums and fauces
oral cavity borders:
anterior
lateral (walls)
posterior
superior (roof)
inferior (floor)
anterior: lips, teeth, oral vestibule
lateral (walls): cheeks
posterior: fauces
superior (roof): hard palate, soft palate
inferior (floor): tongue
functions of the digestive system
- protection: senses and analyzes
- digestion: mechanical and chemical breakdown
- secretion: lubrication
teeth
function: mastication (chewing)
location: alveolar processes on maxilla (upper jaw), alveolar processes on mandible (lower jaw)
types of teeth
- incisors “bite”
- canines “cut/tear”
- premolars “crush/grind”
- molars “crush/grind”
total teeth plus how many in each quadrant of deciduous
total 20, 5 per quadrant
incisors: 2
canines: 1
molars: 1
total teeth plus how many in each quadrant of permanent
total = 32
8/quadrant
incisors = 2
canines = 1
premolars = 2
molars = 3
tongue
structures:
- epiglottis
- lingual tonsils
- papillae
- root posterior 1/3rd immobile rough portion
- body anterior 2/3rds mobile portion
functions:
- taste
- mechanical breakdown
- speech
salivary glands
- secrete saliva into the oral cavity
- reduces friction
- chemical digestion
- parotid gland
- sublingual gland
- submandibular gland
parotid gland
- largest
- secretes amylase
- serous secretions
sublingual gland
sub = below
lingual = tongue
- mucous secretions
submandibular glands
sub = below
mandibular = mandible
- seromucous secretions
pharynx
- bolus: soft, flexible mass of food that can be swallowed
- pharyn: “throat”, funnel-shaped tube, inferior borders: larynx anteriorly, esophagus posteriorly
foodway, oropharynx, laryngo-pharynx
esophagus
- long, collapsible muscular tube
- secretes mucus, lubricates lumen
- transports food to stomach
no absorption, no production of digestive enzymes
esophagus pathway
laryngopharynx -> 1. inferior neck -> 2. mediastinum -> 3. esophageal hiatus -> superior stomach
where is the location of the esophagus
anterior to vertebral column
posterior to trachea
esophagus features
- upper esophageal sphincter (UES)
- peristalsis: involuntary muscle contractions
- lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
mechanism of swallowing
teeth: mechanical digestion
tongue: maneuvers food
uvula and epiglottis: direct bolus
pharynx: oropharynx, laryngopharynx
esophagus: UES, peristalsis, LES
oral cavity
labia frenulum
lingual frenulum
gingivae
uvula
fauces
tongue
salivary glands
- parotid gland
- sublingual gland
- submandibular gland
- wharton’s duct
greater omentum
attaches stomach to small intestine and transverse colon
lesser omentum
attaches stomach and duodenum to the liver
falciform ligament
attaches liver to anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm
mesentery
anchors jejunum and ileum to posterior abdominal wall
mesocolon
anchors transverse and sigmoid colon to posterior abdominal wall
(double-fold of visceral peritoneum)
