Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANAT101 EXAM > lecture 24: the resp sys > Flashcards

lecture 24: the resp sys Flashcards

1
Q

air passage

A
  1. nasal or oral cavity
  2. pharynx
  3. larynx
  4. trachea
  5. bronchi - 1st, 2nd, 3rd
  6. terminal bronchioles
  7. resp bronchioles
  8. alveoli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

conducting zone

A
  • air passage
  • nose, nasal cavity, pharynx
  • larynx, trachea, primary, secondary, tertiary bronchi, and terminal bronchioles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

resp zone

A
  • gas exchange
  • resp bronchioles
  • alveolar duct and sacs
  • pulmonary alveoli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

thoracic cavity

A
  • lung sit within the thoracic cavity
  • rib cage protects lungs
  • vacuum inside your chest cavity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the conducting zone includes the trachea, primary, secondary, and tertiary bronchi

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

left lung has 3 lobes while the right has 2

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

pulmonary ventilation

A
  • breathing
  • the physical movement of air into and out of the lungs; inhalation and exhalation
  • function: continuous supply supply of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

rules of ventilation

A
  1. volume and pressure and inversely related
    - volume of the lungs is dependent on the volume of the thoracic cavity
    - the thoracic cavity volume is dictated by the muscles of inspiration and expiration

increased volume = decrease pressure
decreased volume = increased pressure

  1. gases move from an area of high to low pressure
    - at rest: atmospheric pressure = pressure in lungs
    - inspiration: atmospheric pressure > pressure in lungs
    - expiration: atmospheric pressure < pressure in the lungs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

volume and pressure

A

pressure and volume are inversely related
- inspiration
- expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

changes in pressure

A

gases go from high to low pressure
- inspiration
- expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

inspiration

A
  • increase in thoracic volume
  • decrease in lung pressure, pulling in air
  • two types: quiet, deep
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

expiration

A
  • decrease in thoracic volume
  • increase in lung pressure, air expelled
  • two types: passive, active
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

primary musculature

A

diaphragm
- boundary between thoracic and abdominal cavity
- action during quiet and deep inspiration: contracts to increase volume of the thoracic cavity and expands lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

additional musculature

A

external intercostals
scaleness
- most superficial muscle in between the ribs
- fibers run towards pockets
- action during deep inspiration: elevates the rib cage and sternum to increase volume of the thoracic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

passive expiration

A
  • no muscle contraction involved
  • muscles of inspiration return to resting position
  • recoil of lungs forces air out
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

abdominal muscles

A
  • external oblique
  • internal oblique
  • transverse abdominis
  • rectus abdominis
  • action during forced expiration: abdominal muscles will move the diaphragm up and depress the rib cage to decrease volume of thoracic cavity
  • diaphragm returns to dome shape
17
Q

internal intercostals

A
  • deep to external intercostals
  • fibers run towards opposite shoulder
  • action during forced expiration: depresses the rib cage and sternum to decrease volume of the thoracic cavity
18
Q

respiratory summary

A
  1. inspiratory muscles contract
  2. thoracic volume increases
  3. lungs expand
  4. intrapulmonary pressure drops
  5. pressure in lungs < atmospheric
  6. air flows in
  7. pressure in lungs will reach zero
  8. triggers expiration
  9. lungs recoil
  10. diaphragm and chest wall relaxes
  11. thoracic volume decreases
  12. intrapulmonary pressure rises
  13. pressure in lungs > atmosphere
  14. air is forced out of lungs
19
Q

the rib cage and sternum elevate to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity during this action

A

inspiration

20
Q

during forced expiration, the abdominal muscles will pull the diaphragm down and depress the rib cage to decrease the volume of the thoracic cavity

A

false

21
Q

bronchiole tree

A
  1. primary bronchus
  2. secondary bronchus
  3. tertiary bronchus
  4. bronchioles: respiratory bronchiole, alveolar sacs
22
Q

respiratory portion: alveoli

A

primary site of gas exchange:
- o2 into bloodstream
- carbon dioxide out of blood stream
capillary network surrounding alveolus
large surface area and thin membrane allow for max gas exchange

23
Q

alveoli

A

type 1 pneumocytes:
- simple squamous epithelium of alveoli
- thin walls allow for gas exchange
elastic fibers:
- allow the alveoli to stretch and recoil
type 2 pneumocytes:
- “septal cells”
- produce surfactant: oily substance secreted over alveoli to reduce surface tension
- prevents collapse of alveoli
alveolar macrophage
- “dust cells”
- phagocytose particles

24
Q

what cell produces surfactant

A

type 2 pneumocyte

25
Q

the resp portion includes resp bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and pulmonary alveoli
true/false

A

true

26
Q

the respiratory membrane

A
  • aspects of the respiratory membrane:
    1. capillary endothelium
    2. fused basement membranes
    3. alveolar epithelium (type 1 pneumocytes)
    gas exchange occurs across this membrane!

respiratory membrane: capillary wall, fused basement membrane, wall of alveoli, surfactant

27
Q

external respiration (pulmonary)

A
  • exchange btwn the body’s fluids and the external environment; gas exchange btwm the pulmonary circuit and alveoli
  • o2 enters blood from alveoli via inhalation
  • co2 exits blood into alveoli via exhalation
  • blood gains o2 and loses co2
28
Q

internal respiration (tissue)

A
  • gas exchange btwn the systemic circuit and cells of the body
  • o2 exits blood from capillary to tissue in need
  • co2 dioxide exits tissue into capillary
  • blood loses o2 and gains co2
29
Q

during external resp, there is gas exchange btwn the pulmonary circuit and alveoli. what changes happen to the blood?

A

gains o2 and loses co2

30
Q

blood supply

A

circulatory system
1. systemic circuit: btwn heart and body
2. pulmonary circuit: btwn heart and lungs

31
Q

systemic circuit

A
  • blood becomes deoxygenated (co2) at body tissues (ex. muscle)
  • deoxygenated blood returned to the heart through the SVC and IVC
  • oxygenated blood exits the heart through the aorta
  • travels to body tissue in need of o2
32
Q

pulmonary circuit

A

pulmonary artery:
- carries deoxygenated blood (rich in co2) from the heart to the lungs
- exhale co2 at the lungs

pulmonary vein:
- carried oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

33
Q

circulatory sys review

A
  1. tissue uses up oxygen
  2. deoxygenated blood through vena cava to right atrium
  3. right ventricle
  4. pulmonary artery
  5. blood travels back to the heart via the pulmonary vein
  6. enters left atrium
  7. left ventricle
  8. exits heart at aorta
  9. oxygenated blood to tissues
34
Q

pulmonary artery carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to heart
true or false

A

false

35
Q

deoxygenated blood in the vena cava enters into which region of the heart

A

right atrium

ANAT101 EXAM (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions