Lecture 3: Primitive Eukaryotes, the Protists

Question 1

Protists have more ___ compared to other eukaryotes

Answer 1

structural and functional diversity

Question 2

3 types of protists

Answer 2

1. photoautotrophs (contain chloroplasts)
2. chemoheterotrophs (absorb organic molecules)
3. mixotrophs (combine photosynthesis and heterotrophic nutrition)

Question 3

the origin of eukaryotes was a

Answer 3

prokaryote ancestor

Question 4

The four large clades of eukaryotes

Answer 4

1. excavata
2. SAR
3. Archaeplastida
4. Unikonta

Question 5

Excavata Clade

Answer 5

1. characterized by whip-like flagellum (“flagellates”)
2. specialized organelles: “eyespots”, chloroplasts

examples: trichomonas, giardia

Question 6

SAR Clade

Answer 6

1. main feature is locomotion by cilia: short hairlike protusions
2. Cilia usually occur in large numbers and specific regions
3. Ciliary beating is coordinated so they don’t work against each other

Question 7

other parts of the SAR Clade

Answer 7

Apicomplexans

Question 8

Apicomplexans (SAR)

Answer 8

parasites of animals with very complex life cycles; ex malaria which is transmitted by mosquitoes

Question 9

Clade Archaeplastida

Answer 9

1. red & green algae, land plants
2. all photosynthetic
3. form base of food webs

Question 10

Clade Unikonta

Answer 10

1. amoebozoans, choanoflagellates, fungi, animals
2. very diverse group
3. similarities at the genetic level