Lecture 1: Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Question 1

levels of biological diversity

Answer 1

interspecific variation and intraspecific variation

Question 2

Phylogeny

Answer 2

evolutionary history of a species or group of related species

Question 3

systematics

Answer 3

classifying organisms and determining their evolutionary relationships

Question 4

phylogenetic trees

Answer 4

represent a hypothesis about evolutionary relationships

Question 5

what does each branch represent in the phylogenetic tree

Answer 5

the divergence of two (species, genera, family)

Question 6

Sister taxa

Answer 6

groups that share an immediate common ancestor

Question 7

Homology

Answer 7

similarity due to shared ancestry

Question 8

Analogy

Answer 8

similarity due to convergent evolution

Question 9

convergent evolution

Answer 9

when similar environmental pressures and natural selection produce analgous adaptations in organisms w/ different evolutionary lineages

Question 10

Cladistics

Answer 10

approach in systematics that groups organisms by common descent

Question 11

clade

Answer 11

ancestral species and all its descendants

Question 12

ancestral character

Answer 12

originated in an ancestor of the taxon

Question 13

derived character

Answer 13

evolutionary novelty unique to a particular clade

Question 14

outgroup vs ingroup

Answer 14

ingroup is the species being studied

Question 15

taxonomic hierarchy

Answer 15

kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 16

acronym for taxonomic hierarchy

Answer 16

Kind People Can Only Find Good Sex

Question 17

three domains

Answer 17

bacteria, archea, eukarya

Question 18

archaea and bacteria make up the

Answer 18

prokaryotes

Question 19

Horizontal gene transfer

Answer 19

movement of genes from one genome (domain) to another