Lecture 22: Plant Growth

Question 1

Meristems

Answer 1

• perpetually embryonic tissue and allow for indeterminate growth (only a few plants exhibit determinate growth

Question 2

apical meristems & function

Answer 2

• located at the tips of roots and shoots & the axillary buds of shoots
• elongate shoots & roots, process called primary growth

Question 3

lateral meristems

Answer 3

• add thickness to woody plants, process called secondary growth
• two lateral meristems: vascular cambium + cork cambium

Question 4

vascular cambium

Answer 4

adds layers of vascular tissue called secondary xylem (wood) & secondary phloem

Question 5

cork cambium (in stems/trunk

Answer 5

replaces epidermis w/periderm, which is thicker & tougher

Question 6

in growth in stems, phloem & xylem go where

Answer 6

phloem on the outside; xylem on the inside

Question 7

the vascular system of a root or a stem is known as the

Answer 7

stele

Question 8

in angiosperms - the stele of the root is organized into

Answer 8

a vascular cylinder

Question 9

the primary growth of roots produces what

Answer 9

epidermis, ground tissue, vascular tissue

Question 10

the ground tissue fills what region between the vasc. cylinder & epidermis

Answer 10

cortex

Question 11

innermost layer of the cortex is the

Answer 11

endodermis; forces water and nutrients through a specific area

Question 12

pericycle

Answer 12

where lateral roots come from; outermost cell layer in the vascular cylinder

Question 13

shoot apical meristem

Answer 13

dome-shaped mass of dividing cells at the shoot tip

Question 14

leaves develop from what along what?

Answer 14

leaf primordia; along sides of apical meristem

Question 15

axillary buds develop from

Answer 15

meristematic cells left at bases of leaf primordia

Question 16

lateral shoots develop from

Answer 16

**axillary buds **on the stem’s surface

Question 17

in most eudicots, what is the vascular tissue made of?

Answer 17

vascular bundles arranged in a ring

Question 18

in monocot stems, what is the layout of vascular bundles

Answer 18

scattered throughout the ground tissue; don’t form a ring

Question 19

epidermis function

Answer 19

reduces water loss

Question 20

stomata

Answer 20

allow CO2 exchange between air & photosynthetic cells

Question 21

stomatal pores are flanked by cells which regulate opening & closing called

Answer 21

guard cells

Question 22

mesophyll

Answer 22

ground tissue in a leaf

Question 23

below palisade mesophyll in the upper part of the leaf is ______ , and what occurs there?

Answer 23

spongy mesophyll; where gas exchange occurs

Question 24

vascular tissue of each leaf is continuous with

Answer 24

the vascular tissue of the stem; moves sugars to rest of plants & recieves H2O + nutrients

Question 25

veins are

Answer 25

leaf’s vascular bundles; function as leaf’s skeleton

Question 26

secondary growth adds

Answer 26

girth to stems & roots in woody plants

Question 27

secondary plant body consists of

Answer 27

tissues produced by vascular cambium & cork cambium

Question 28

secondary growth is found in

Answer 28

gymnosperms & many eudicots, few monocots