Lecture 3 ANI SCI 320 : Introduction to Epidemiology

Question 1

What is epidemiology?

Answer 1

The study and analysis of the patterns (frequency & distribution) causes and effects of disease and health related factors in populations.

Question 2

Epi means

Answer 2

On upon befall

Question 3

Demo means

Answer 3

People

Question 4

ology means

Answer 4

the study of

Question 5

The epidemiologic triad is made up of what?

Answer 5

1. Host
2. Agent
3. Environment
4. Vector

Question 6

What makes up the agent section of the epidemiologic triad?

Answer 6

1. Pathogen traits
2. Virulence
3. Dose
4. Incubation period

Question 7

What makes up the host section of the epidemiologic triad?

Answer 7

1. Immunity
2. General Health
3. Age
4. Gender
5. Genetic Background
6. Religious/cultural practices

Question 8

What makes up the enviornment section of the epidemiologic triad?

Answer 8

1. Heat/cold stress
2. Food availability
3. Hygiene
4. Crowding
5. Cultural Practices
6. Presence of vectors

Question 9

What are 6 types of pathogens?

Answer 9

1. Viruses
2. Bacteria
3. Fungi
4. Protozoa
5. Worms
6. Prions

Question 10

What is virulence?

Answer 10

Ability to cause severe disease

Question 11

What is an infectious dose?

Answer 11

minimum number of pathogens required to cause illness

Question 12

What is an incubation period?

Answer 12

Time it takes after first exposure for the pathogen to cause signs and symptoms influences extent of spread

Question 13

How is infectious does related to virulence?

Answer 13

HIGH the ID the GREATER the virulence

Question 14

What happens if ID is not reached?

Answer 14

No infection will occur

Question 15

What is ID50

Answer 15

Median infectious dose or the amount of pathogenic microorganisms that will produce demonstrable infection on 50% of exposed hosts.

Question 16

What is the Latent period?

Answer 16

Before onset of infection

Question 17

What is the incubation period?

Answer 17

No signs or symptoms occurring yet

Question 18

What is the prodromal period?

Answer 18

Mild signs and symptoms showing

Question 19

What is the period of illness?

Answer 19

Period of invasion where you see most severe signs and symptoms

Question 20

What is the period of decline

Answer 20

Signs and symptoms start to subside

Question 21

What is period of convalescence?

Answer 21

Resolution

Question 22

What is the order of stages of clinical infections

Answer 22

1. Latent
2. Incubation
3. Prodromal
4. Period of illness
5. Period of decline
6. Period of convalescence

Question 23

What periods of the stages of clinical infections do you see the highest number of microbes?

Answer 23

Periods of illness and decline

Question 24

What are 6 different host traits?

Answer 24

1. Immunity to pathogen
2. General Health
3. Age
4. Gender
5. Genetic Background
6. Religious and cultural practices

Question 25

What are 2 different route of transmission?

Answer 25

1. Direct Contact
2. Indirect Contact

Question 26

What is indirect contact?

Answer 26

passes from infected host to intermediate conveyor and then to another host

Question 27

What is a fomite?

Answer 27

Inanimate object that serves a role in disease transmission

Question 28

What is a vector?

Answer 28

Living agent that carries a pathodgen and transmits it

Question 29

What is a reservoir?

Answer 29

The natural habitat in which a pathogen lives and reproduces that serves as a source of infection
Can be living or nonliving

Question 30

What are the 5 portals of entry or exit?

Answer 30

1. Skin
2. GI tract
3. Respiratory Tract
4. Urogenital tract
5. Transplacental

Question 31

What is the 6 pt cycle of transmission?

Answer 31

1. Infectious agent
2. Reservoir
3. Port of exit
4. Mode of transmission
5. Port of entry
6. Susceptible host