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Animal Health and Disease & Animal and Vet Genetics > ANI SCI 320 Lecture 9 : Fungi > Flashcards

ANI SCI 320 Lecture 9 : Fungi Flashcards

EXAM 2

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1
Q

What are mycoses?

A

Disease of warm-blooded animals caused by fungi

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2
Q

What is medical mycology?

A

Study of fungi as animal and human pathogens

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3
Q

What defines fungal pathogens?

A

Eukaryotic organisms, separate from plants and animals. Genetically more closely related to animals than plants

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4
Q

How many fungal species are pathogenic?

A

~300 species

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5
Q

Molds are….

A

multicellular

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6
Q

Yeasts are…..

A

Unicellular

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7
Q

TRUE or FALSE? Molds are always pathogenic?

A

FALSE

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8
Q

Dimorphic fungi are……

A

Molds and yeast

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9
Q

Heterotropic is…..

A

Incapable of producing food

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10
Q

Fungi feed by what?

A

Extracellular digestion

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11
Q

What is saprobic feeding?

A

live on dead organic matter to help cycle nutrients

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12
Q

What is mutualistic feeding?

A

Symbiosis with plant roots

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13
Q

What is parasitic feeding?

A

Live on living organisms and cause disease of the host

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14
Q

How do most fungi reproduce?

A

Asexual or sexual reproduction

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15
Q

What is important about the cell structure of fungi?

A

rigid cell walls

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16
Q

What are mannoproteins

A

Activation membrane

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17
Q

What is the target for amphotericin B?

A

ergosterol

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18
Q

What are two types of yeast?

A
  1. Candida
  2. Cryptococcus
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19
Q

What are characteristics of candida?

A
  1. Most clinically relevant fungal group
  2. Has multiple species which cause disease in humans and animals
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20
Q

What are characteristics of cryptococcus?

A
  1. Causes opportunistic infections
  2. Has a few species which cause disease in humans and animal
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21
Q

What is special about molds?

A

Extremely diverse group of organisms and the vast majority are harmless

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22
Q

What are the two pathogenic groups of molds?

A
  1. Genus spergillus
  2. Order Mucorales
23
Q

Where are molds and their spores found?

A

Soil and decaying vegetation

24
Q

What can molds cause for the host?

A

rhino sinusitis and various forms of pulmonary infections

25
Q

Where do dimorphic fungi exist?

A

Environment as mold but when spores are inhaled they grow in the host as a yeast

26
Q

What does dimorphic fungi cause in the host?

A

Pulmonary infections

27
Q

What are two types of bacteria that are commonly confused to be fungi?

A
  1. Nocardia
  2. Actinomycetes
28
Q

What are the 5 risk factors for developing fungal infections?

A
  1. Use of antibiotics
  2. Use of drugs that suppress the immune system
  3. Disorders
  4. Environmental factors
  5. Genetic Predisposition
29
Q

What are the 5 general features of fungal infections?

A
  1. Often seen in immunocompromised patients or animals
  2. Clinical presentation is typically subacute to chronic
  3. Person-person transmission does not usually occur
  4. There are no specific symptom or signs
  5. Typical antibiotics are effective
30
Q

What are are superficial and cutaneous mycoses?

A

Fungal infections in the outermost layer of skin that usually do not present inflammation or allergic or inflammatory responses and primarily caused by dermatophytes

31
Q

What are mucocutaneous mycoses?

A

Fungal infections that involves the skin eyes sinuses, oropharynx, external ears, and vagina

32
Q

What is a candidal infection?

A

manifests as superficial mucocutaneous disease to invasive disease with dissemination

33
Q

What is thrush?

A

Fungal infection with white patches on. the tongue or mucosal surfaces

34
Q

What is vulvaginitis?

A

Seen in the settings of oral contraceptive use, diabetes mellitus, pregnancy, and antibiotic therapy; it manifests with vaginal discharge and vulvar edema and pruritis

35
Q

What is are subcutaneous Mycoses?

A

Topic and sub topical fungal infections that involve subcutaneous tissues, muscle, and fascia (traumatic inoculation)

36
Q

Subcutaneous mycoses are normally….

A

Localized chronic infections

37
Q

What is the treatment like for subcutaneous Mycoses?

A

use of anti-fungal agents or surgical excision

38
Q

What are systemic deep mycoses fungal infections?

A

Disease that occur deep within the tissues, involving vital organs and or the nervous system

39
Q

How do systemic deep mycoses fungal infections enter the body?

A

inhalation of spores or open wounds

40
Q

Systemic deep mycoses fungal infections are caused by?

A

True pathogenic fungi or opportunistic saprobes

41
Q

Systemic deep mycoses fungal infections present as…..

A

Subacute/Subclinical infections

42
Q

TRUE or FALSE? Systemic deep mycoses fungal infections can be fatal?

A

TRUE

43
Q

What are the symptoms of systemic deep mycoses fungal infections?

A

Fever, cough, chest pain, weight loss, fatigue

44
Q

TRUE or FALSE? Mold exposure can trigger several allergic disorders?

A

TRUE

45
Q

What are 3 types of mycotoxins?

A
  1. Mushrooms
  2. Aflatoxins
  3. Ergot Alkaloids
46
Q

How many species of mushrooms are there?

A

50-100 toxic species

47
Q

Toxic mushrooms cause….

A

acute liver failure and renal failure

48
Q

Aflatoxins are produced by?

A

Aspergillus sp

49
Q

How many different types of aflatoxins are there?

A

14 types

50
Q

Aflatoxins can cause what to the host?

A

liver failure

51
Q

Ergot Alkaloids are produced by…..

A

Claviceps

52
Q

What are the 3 different types of Argot Alkaloids?

A
  1. Lysergic Acid
  2. Ergotamine
  3. Bromocriptine
53
Q

What are the two forms of ergotism?

A
  1. Acute
  2. Chronic

Animal Health and Disease & Animal and Vet Genetics (18 decks)

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