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ANAT 323 > lecture 24: limbic > Flashcards

lecture 24: limbic Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 6 general components of the limbic system

A

amygdala
hippocampus
fornix
mamillary body (hypothalamus)
cingulate
parrahippocampal

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2
Q

this limbic structure system is mainly related to homeostatis

A

hypothalamus

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3
Q

this limbic structure system is mainly related to memory

A

hippocampuswh

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4
Q

what is the 4 general functions of the limbic system

A

homeostasis,
olfaction
memory
emotion

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5
Q

explain why olfaction is part of the function of the limbic

A

since the olfactory tract/pathway has many connections to the limbic system
(scents are associated/linked with memories)

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6
Q

the hippocampus in located inside what gyrus

A

parrahippocampal gyrus

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7
Q

where is the amygdala located

A

rostral to the hypothalamus within the uncus

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8
Q

the amygdala is located blank to the hypothalamus within the uncus

A

rostral

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9
Q

the amygdala is located rostral to the hypothalamus within the BLANK

A

uncus

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10
Q

this limbic structure system is mainly related to emotion

A

amygdala

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11
Q

what is the function of the amygdala

A

involved in emotions and basic behaviour

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12
Q

involved in emotions and basic behaviour

=what component of the limbic system

A

amygdala

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13
Q

where is the hippocampus located

A

within the parrahippocampal gyrus of the temporal lobetru (fused to parrahip)

=located on the floor of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle

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14
Q

true or false: the hippocampus is located within occipitotemporal gyrus of the temporal lobe

A

false, the parrahippocampal

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15
Q

the hippocampus is located within THE BLANK gyrus of the temporal lobetru

A

the parrahippocampal

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16
Q

what is the function hippocampus

A

involved in long term memory formation and recall/retrieval

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17
Q

involved in memory formation and recall

=what limbic system structure

A

hippocampus
(and parrahippocampal gyrus)

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18
Q

what is the fornix

A

bundle of white matter (projection and commissural fibers)

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19
Q

explain the commissural fibers of the fornix

A

hippocampal commissure (connects the two limbic structure)

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20
Q

explain the projection fibers of the fornix

A

carries output from the hippocampus to the maxillary bodies of the hypothalamus and septal area

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21
Q

the fornix carries output from the BLANK to the maxillary bodies of the hypothalamus and septal area

A

HIPPOCAMPAS

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22
Q

the fornix carries output from the hippocampus to where

A

the maxillary bodies of the hypothalamus and septal area

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23
Q

what is the stria terminalis

A

closely related white tract
=connects the amygdala to the hypothalamus

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24
Q

what does the stria terminalis connect

A

connects the amygdala to the hypothalamus

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25
Q

carries output from the hippocampus to the maxillary bodies of the hypothalamus and septal area

=what limbic structure

A

fornix

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26
Q

connects the amygdala to the hypothalamus

=what limbic structure

A

stria terminalis

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27
Q

the maxillary bodies are located where in the diencephalon

A

hypothalamus

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28
Q

what and where are the mammilary bodies

A

rounded nuclei visible on the ventral surface of the brain

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29
Q

what is the function of the mamillary bodies

A

relay center projecting signals from the hippocampus/fornix to the anterior thalamus
(otherwise the hippo cannot communicate with the thalamus and then cortex to help form the connections for the memories)

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30
Q

relay center projecting signals from the hippocampus/fornix to the anterior thalamus
(otherwise the hippo cannot communicate with the thalamus)

=what limbic structuer

A

mam bodies

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31
Q

the mam bodies are a relay center projecting signals from the hippocampus/fornix where

A

to the anterior thalamus
(otherwise the hippo cannot communicate with the thalamus and then cortex to help form the connections for the memories)

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32
Q

the cingulate cortex/gryus wraps around what on the medial hemispehre

A

corpus callosum

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33
Q

what is the association cortex of the limbic system

A

cingulate cortex

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34
Q

thecingulate cortex is the multimodal cortex of the limbic system

A

false, the association cortex

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35
Q

what is the function of the cingulate cortex

A

acts as the association cortex of the limbic system
=relays bw the limbic and other cortex area

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36
Q

the parrahippocampal gyrus surrounds what other limbic structure

A

hippocampus

37
Q

what is the function of the parrahippocampal gyrus

A

association cortex of the limbic system
=invovled in memory formation and recall

38
Q

association cortex of the limbic system
=invovled in memory formation and recall

which limbic structure

A

parrahippocampal gyrus

39
Q

acts as the association cortex of the limbic system
=relays bw the limbic and other cortex area

which limbic structue

A

cingulate cortex

40
Q

what is the general function of the medial limbic circuit (papez circuit)

A

establishing and reinforcing emotional significance of memories

41
Q

establishing and reinforcing emotional significance of memories

what is that called

A

medial limbic s=circuit

42
Q

true or false: the medial limbic circuit is important for survival responses and explain

A

true

it is important in establishing and reinforcing emotional significance of memories
(see a scary monster = remember that it is scary so next time you stay away)

43
Q

what does the medial limbic circuit begin and end with

A

hippocampal formation

44
Q

what limbic structure is part of the extended circuit of the medial limbic circut

45
Q

what is the mnemonic for papez curcui

46
Q

what are the general steps of the medial limbic circuit

A

1) hippocampus
2) fornix (goes from hippocampus to mam body)
3) mam body
4) mammilothalamic tract (mam body to thalamus)
5) anterior nuclei of the thalamus
6) cingulate cortex and parahippocampal gyrus (via cingulum)
7) hippocampus

47
Q

what are the two important white matter tracts in the medial limbic circuit

A

mammilothalamic tract (connecting mam bodies to thalamus(

cingulum (connects the thalamus to the cingulate fcrotex and parsnip)

48
Q

what is the important core nuclei of the thalamus involved in the limbic system

A

anterior nuclei of the thalamus

49
Q

what is the tract that connects the mam bodies to the anterior nuclei of the thalamus

A

mammalthalamic trac

50
Q

what is connecting the hippocampus to the mam bodies in the papez circuit

51
Q

what is connecting the anterior thalamic nuclei to the cingulate gyrus and parrahippocampal in the papez circuit

52
Q

injuries of surgery to the hypothalamus usually lead to increase or decrease body temp

A

increase body temp

53
Q

true or false: neurogenic fever is assocaited with hypothalamus lesions

54
Q

what are the 3 general symptoms of hypothalamus lesion

A

neurogenic fever
hypothalamic obesity (weight gain)
korsakoff syndrome

55
Q

explain why you might see increase in body temp or weight gain with a hypothalamus lesion

A

hypothalamus is responsible for homeostasis

we are throwing off homeostasis, metabolic processes etc

56
Q

true or false: hypothalamic abnormalities can lead to decreased weight gain

A

false, increased excess weight gain
=hypothalamuc obiseit

57
Q

korsakoff syndrome is linked to what

A

alcohol
eating disorders
AIDS/CANCERS
thiamine deficiency

58
Q

the korsakoff syndrome affects which limbic structuer

A

maxillary bodies of hypothalamus

59
Q

what are the 2 main types of amnesia with korsakoff syndrome

A

anterograde
retrograde

60
Q

where is the hippocampus locatedin terms of the lateral ventricle

A

located on the floor of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle (ventral)

61
Q

the hippocampus is fused to what gyrus

A

parahippocampal gyrus

62
Q

what is the function of the hippocampus

A

involved in long term memory formation and memory recall/retrieval

63
Q

electrical stem of the hippocampus cam cause was

A

local epileptic seizures

64
Q

true or false: the hippocampus can be removed to treat epileptsy

A

true but leads to amnesia

65
Q

explain anterograde amnesia

A

inability to form new, long term memories

66
Q

inability to form new, long term memories

=what type of amnesia

A

anterograde

67
Q

explain retrograde amnesia

A

inability to recall previously consolidated memories (more recent memories get lost first/are more susceptible than older memories)

68
Q

inability to recall previously consolidated memories (more recent memories get lost first/are more susceptible than older memories)

what type of amnesia

A

retrograde

69
Q

what are the two types of long term memory

A

declarative/explicit
procedural.implicit

70
Q

explain declarative/explicit long term memory

A

facts/events that can be consciously retrieved and recalled and then declared
(ex: episodic memory, somantic memory)

71
Q

facts/events that can be consciously retrieved and recalled and then declared
(ex: episodic memory, somantic memory)

what type of long term memory

A

declarative/explicit

72
Q

explain procedural/implicit memory

A

your memory of how to do things/perform tasks
performance of actions/tasts.skills (stored in cortex with connection to motor aspects = “muscle memory”

73
Q

your memory of how to do things/perform tasks
performance of actions/tasts.skills (stored in cortex with connection to motor aspects = “muscle memory”

what type of long term memory

A

procedural/implicit

74
Q

explain how memory gets consolidated

A

things you are learning rn get stored in working memory (transient)

memory is transferred to the hippocampus (to make a long term memory)

consolidate the ST memory to LT which is stored i the neo cortex where the info was originally obtained

75
Q

true or false: the amygdala is one nucleu

A

false, it is a dozen nuclei in rostral temporal lobe (deep to uncus)

76
Q

true or false; the amygdala is located in rostral temporal lobe (deep to uncus)

77
Q

the amygdala receives input from where

A

limbic and sensory assocaition cortices

78
Q

the amygdala gives output to where

A

cortex
basal nuclei
limbic structures
=role in emotional processing

79
Q

the amygdala integrates stimulate which means its involved with what

A

emotional and behavioural responses

80
Q

what are some examples of input areas to the amygdala

A

somatosensory association aortex
thalamus
limbic cortex
visual association cortex
olfactory cortex

81
Q

what are some examples of output areas to the amygdala

A

primary visua lcortex
hippocampus
nucleus accumbens
limbic cortex
visual lassocaiton

82
Q

stimulation of the amygdala leads to what

A

reactions of reward and pleasure
rage, fear, and or movements assocaited with eating and sexual activity

83
Q

reactions of reward and pleasure
rage, fear, and or movements assocaited with eating and sexual activity

=associated with stimulation of what limbic structure

84
Q

a bilateral lesion to the amygdala leads to what syndrom

A

kluver bucy syndrome

85
Q

T or F: a bilateral lesion to the amygdala leads to korsakoff syndrome

A

false,kluver bucy syndrome

86
Q

what are the symptoms assocaited with kluver bucy syndrome

A

loss of fear
decreased aggressive
excessive sex drive
changes in dietary habits
tendency to examine objects orally
heightened interest in visual stimuli

87
Q

explain why you have one xcessive sex drive with kluver bucy syndrome

A

lose the emotional component of sex
=do abnormal.innapropirate sexual activity and are now only using it for own pleasure

88
Q

true or false and explain ; the amygdala is involved in anxiety disorders

A

yes
you will have abnormal activity to both threatening and non treating stem

ANAT 323 (25 decks)

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