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ANAT 323 > lecture 18: CN IX, X > Flashcards

lecture 18: CN IX, X Flashcards

1
Q

pt comes in with unilateral hypoacusis. During rinne, the patient hears tuning fork next to their ear 2x as long as they did over the mastoid
during weber, pt hears the tuning fork louder on the left side
what is diagnosis

A

neural hearing loss on right ear

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2
Q

true or false, glossopharangela is a motor only n

A

false, it is mixed

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3
Q

where does the glossophrangeal nerve emerge from the medulla

A

dorsal to the olives (inferior olivary nuclei)
=rostral to CN X rootlets

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4
Q

the glossophrangeal n emerges ventral or dorsal to the olive

A

dorsal

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5
Q

which is more rostral, glosso or vagus

A

glosso

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6
Q

true or false, the glossipharangeal has every type of nuclei except branchial mtoor

A

false, except somatic motor

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7
Q

what are the 5 types of nuclei involved in glosso n (general names)

A

visceral sensory
visceral motor
branchial motor

somatic sensory
special sensory

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8
Q

majority of primary sensory neuron cell bodies of glosso n are located where

A

inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion

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9
Q

where does the glossopharyngeal n exit the skull

A

via jugular foramen

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10
Q

what nerves exit the skull via the jugular foramen

A

IX, X, XI

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11
Q

is the visceral motor component of the glossopharyngeal n para or sympathetic

A

para

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12
Q

where do preganglionic neurons of visceral motor component of the gloospharaneal n originate in the

A

preganglionic neurons originate in the inferior salivatory nucleus

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13
Q

where does the visceral motor component of the glosso n travel after originating in the inferior salivatory nucleus

A

travels thru tympanic cavity, exits lesser petrosal foramen and enters foramen ovale

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14
Q

foramen ovale holds the glossopharyngeal n (visceral motor components) and what other nerve

A

V3

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15
Q

preganglionic parasymp neurons of visceral motor component of glosso synapse where with postganglionic neurons

A

in otic gangliont

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16
Q

the visceral motor component of the glossopharyngeal n innervates what

A

parotid gland (causes salivation )

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17
Q

true or false, the parotid gland and visceral motor component of glosso n are influenced by central control

A

true, influenced by hypothalamus and olfactory system

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18
Q

know the passage of the glossopharangela n visceral motor component

A

.

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19
Q

true or false, the cell bodies of the preganglioninc parasympathetic neurons of the visceral motor component of the glosso n have their cells bodies in the inferior glossopharyngeal nucleus

A

false, in the inferior salivatory nucleus

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20
Q

true or false, the cell bodies of the preganglioninc neurons of the visceral sensory component of the glosso n have their cells bodies in the inferior glossopharyngeal nucleus

A

true

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21
Q

where are the cell bodies of the preganglioninc neurons of the visceral sensory component of the glosso n located

A

have their cells bodies in the inferior glossopharyngeal nucleus

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22
Q

visceral sensory information is collected by what two structures by the glossopharyngeal n

A

carotid body
carotid sinus

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23
Q

where are the sensory receptors of primary neurons of the visceral sensory component of the glosso n located

A

carotid body and carotid sinus

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24
Q

in the visceral sensory component of the glosso n, the primary sensory nuerons synapse where

A

in caudal part (visceral sensory part) or the nucleus solitaires

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25
Q

true or false, in the visceral sensory component of the glosso n, the primary sensory nuerons synapse in rostral part (visceral sensory part) of the nucleus solitaires

A

false, caudal part

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26
Q

after synapsing in caudal (visceral sensory) part of the nucleus solitaires, secondary neurons of glossopharangeal n project where

A

to hypothalamus and reticular fomration

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27
Q

what is the function of having sensory receptors at carotid body in visceral sensory component of the glosso n

A

chemoreceptor organ at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery which allows us to detect 02, co2, ph in blood

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28
Q

what is the carotid body

A

chemoreceptor organ at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery which allows us to detect 02, co2, ph in blood

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29
Q

what is the function of having sensory receptors at carotid sinus in visceral sensory component of the glosso n

A

stretch receptors detect an increase in BP

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30
Q

what is the carotid sinus

A

dilation of internal carotid artery

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31
Q

what are the 5 names of the glossophrangeal nucleus and their type

A

nucleus ambiguous (branchial motor)
inferior salivatory nucleus (visceral motor)
nucleus solitarius (caudal) (visceral sensory)
sensory trigeminal nucleus (somatic sensory)
nucleus solitarius (rostral) (special sensory)

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32
Q

the nucleus ambiguous of glosso nucleis is what type

A

branchial motor

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33
Q

the inferior salivatory nucleus of glosso nucleis is what type

A

visceral motor

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34
Q

the nucleus solitarius (caudal) of glosso nucleis is what type

A

visceral sensory

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35
Q

the nucleus solitarius (rostral) of glosso nucleis is what type

A

special sensory

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36
Q

the sensory trigeminal nucleus of glosso nucleis is what type

A

somatic sensory

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37
Q

the glossopharyngeal nuclei are located in what general region of the brainstem

A

rostral medulla

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38
Q

nucleus ambiggues has what function

A

goes to the sylophrangeus muscle to elevate and dilate pharynx for swallowing)

39
Q

what type of somatic information is being carried by glossopharyngeal n to the sensory trigeminal nucleis

A

feeling from posterior 1/3 of tongue and ear),internal surface of tympanic membrane, pharynx and tonsils

40
Q

what type of special sensory information is being carried by glossopharyngeal n nucleus solitarious

A

taste sensation for posterior 1/3 of tongue

41
Q

what is the function of the Branchial motor nucleus of gloosphrangelan n

A

to stylopharyngess muscle

42
Q

what is the function of the visceral motor nucleus of gloosphrangelan n

A

goes to parotid gland

43
Q

what is the function of the visceral sensory nucleus of gloosphrangelan n

A

from carotid body and carotid sinus

44
Q

what is the function of the somatic sensation of gloosphrangelan n

A

from posterior 1/3 of tongue, skin of external ear and internal surface of tympanic membrane, tonsils and pharynx

45
Q

what is the function of the special sensation of gloosphrangelan n

A

taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue

46
Q

where does the vagus n emerge from the medulla

A

dorsal to the olives (caudal to the CN IX rootlets)

47
Q

primary sensory neuron c ell bodies for vagus n are located where

A

either in superior or inferior vagal ganglion

48
Q

primary sensory neuron cell bodies for somatic sensation for vagus n are located where

A

superior vagal ganglion

49
Q

primary sensory neuron cell bodies for visceral and special sensation for vagus n are located where

A

inferior vagal ganglion

50
Q

preganglionic parasympathetic neurons of vagus n synapse in various ganglia where

A

in neck, thorax, abdomen,
near target tissues

51
Q

where does the vagus n exit the skul

A

via jugular foramen

52
Q

what are the 3 major functions of the vagus n

A

1) motor control of swallowing
2) motor control of phonation
3) parasympathetic functions

53
Q

explain motor control of swallowing done by vagus n

A

vagus n innervates muscles of soft palate and pharynx (except stylophrayngeus (CN IX) and tensor vela palatine (V3)

54
Q

explain motor control of phonation (speech) done by vagus n

A

innervates intrinsic laryngeal m

55
Q

the intrinsic laryngeal muscles are responsible for what

A

phonation/speech

56
Q

explain the parasympathetic functions of the vagus n

A

innervates thoracic and abdominal organs (ex: bronchoconstriction, increase peristalsis, gastric secretions, decrease HR)

57
Q

in what general division of the brainstem are the vagus nuclei located

A

rostral medulla

58
Q

what is the branchial motor nucleus of the vagus nucleus

A

nucleus ambiggues

59
Q

what is the visceral motor nucleus of the vagus nucleus

A

dorsal motor nucleus

60
Q

what is the visceral sensory nucleus of the vagus nucleus

A

nucleus solitarius (caudal)

61
Q

what is the somatic sensory nucleus of the vagus nucleus

A

sensory trigmeinal nucleus

62
Q

what is the special sensory nucleus of the vagus nucleus

A

nucleus solitaries (rostral)

63
Q

what is the main difference of the nucleus ambiggues in the glosso vs vagus n

A

in glosso: goes to stylophrageal
in vagus: goes to all other muscles of soft palate and pharybx and intrinsic laryngeal muscles

64
Q

visceral motor information is carried by what nuclei for the glosso?
for the vagus

A

glosso: inferior slaivatory nucleus
vagus: dorsal motor nucleus

65
Q

explain UMN control (corticonucleus) control of CN XI, and X

A

1) UMN in primary motor cortex (pre central gyrus, face area)
2) corona radiata
3) internal capsule (genu)
4) cerebral peduncle
5) synapse with LMN bilateral (in nucleus ambiguous)

66
Q

for UMN control, where do UMN synapse with LMN for CN IX and X

A

in nucleus ambiguous bilateral

67
Q

true or false, an UMN lesion unilaterally will have a big effect on the muscles of pharynx, larynx etc

A

false, it is receiving bilateral innervation

68
Q

taste is carried by what cranial n

A

CN VII IX and X

69
Q

taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue and soft palate is what CN

A

CN VII

70
Q

CN VII carries taste from where

A

taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue and soft palate is what CN

71
Q

taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue is what CN

A

CN IX

72
Q

CN IX carries taste from where

A

posterior 1/3 of tongue

73
Q

taste from epiglottis and soft palate is carried from what n

A

CN X

74
Q

CN X carries taste from where

A

taste from epiglottis and soft palate

75
Q

explain the pathway for cranial n and taste

A

1) primary sensory neurones project to nucleus solitarius (rostral)

2) secondary nueorns project to ventral posterior medial nucleus

3) tertiary neurons project to cortex (primary gustatory cortex in insula and parietal and frontal operculum)

76
Q

what is the important thalamic nucleus for taste

A

ventral posterior medial nucleus (info coming from face)

77
Q

where is the primary gustatory crotex

A

mostly in insula
also in parietal and frontal operculum (upper lip of lateral fissure(

78
Q

CN X branchial motor component elevates the soft palate during what

A

phonation (speech)

79
Q

CN X branchial motor component depresses the soft palate during what

A

swallowing

80
Q

how can you detect a unilateral lesion of CN X

A

open mouth and phonate

=arch of soft palate will be dropped/flatteral on lesionied side (only able to elevate on unaffected side)
=deviation of uvula away from affected side

81
Q

lesion to branchial motor component of left CN X will cause what symptoms

A

uvula deviates to contralateral side (deviate to right side)

left soft palate will droop during phonation

82
Q

in a CN X lesion, the uvula will deviate towards what side with respect to lesion and wh

A

contralateral
(will be going towards the good side that is pulling it up)

83
Q

in a CN X lesion, the palate will be drooping ipsilateral or contralateral to lesion during phonation

A

ipsilateral

84
Q

what is the stimulant and where for the gag reflex

A

it is an irritant located on posterior tongue or upper pharynx

85
Q

true or false, gag reflex involves only CN X

A

false, IX and X

86
Q

explain afferent limb of the gag reflex

A

nociceptive signals travel via CN IX
=synapse in spinal trigeminal nucleus (somatic sensation) and caudal part of nucleus solitaries (visceral sensation)

87
Q

in the afferent limb of gag reflex, the nociceptive signals are carried via what n

A

glosso

88
Q

in the afferent limb of gag reflex, the nociceptive signals synapse in what two nuclei

A

=synapse in spinal trigeminal nucleus (somatic sensation) and caudal part of nucleus solitaries (visceral sensation)

89
Q

the interneurons of the gag reflex project to what nucleus

A

nucleus ambiguous bilaterally

90
Q

why do the interneurons project to nucleus ambiguous in the gag reglex

A

need to get the motor response of gagging

91
Q

explain the primary efferent limb of gag reflex

A

CN X goes to muscles of pharynx and palate

92
Q

what is the primary response of the gag reflex

A

elevation og the soft palate (open oral cavity to prevent it from going thry nano pahrynx)

closure of glottis (close respiratory system)

contraction of pharyngeal muscles to expel irritantw

93
Q

what are the additional signals of the gag reflex

A

get signals that go to motor trigimeinal nucleus (CN V3 to open jaw) and hypoglossal nucleus (CN XII to protrude tongue )

94
Q

add slides on lateral medullary syndrome)

A

ANAT 323 (25 decks)

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