Lecture 1: Intro Flashcards
the excitable nerve cells in the nerve system are knwn as what
neurons
the non excitable cells in the nervous system are known as what
neuroglia
do we have more neurons or neuroglia
neuroglia
what makes us the CNS
brain and spinal cord (tracts and nuclei)
what makes up the PNS
everything outside the CNS (nerves and ganglia(
true or false: neuroglia is the functional and structural unit of the nervous system
false, neurons are
do neurons information travel uni or bi directionally
unidirectionally along axos
what are the 3 parts of a nerve
dendrites, axcon and cell body
what is the function of the dendrites
receive info (from other neurons)
what is the function of the cell body
processes info
what is the function of the axon
relatys info as electrical signals (can be very long)
what is the fucntion of axon terminals
synapse to pass info to other cells/tissues via chemical signals
where are the sent out
at axon terminals
peripheral somatic neruons are typically what kind
multipolar (motor) or psudounipolar (sensory)
peripheral somatic neurons that are multipolar are usually associated with motor or sensory signals
motor (efferent)
peripheral somatic neurons that are pseudounipolar are usually associated with motor or sensory signals
sensory (afferent)
what is the ratio of neuroglia to nerouns
10:1
are glial cells considered excitable or non excitable
non excitable
give some examples of the functions of glial cells (non-excitable)
physical support for neurons
ion homeostasis and nutritive functions
insulate neurons (myelanation of axon)
immune function
polydendrocytes act as stem cells in the CNS (neurogenerative)
polydendrocytes act as what in the CNS
stem cells in the CNS (neurogenerative)
what are some examples of glial cells
astrocytes
oligodendrocytes (CNS)
neurolemmocytes (Schwann cell) (PNS)
microglia
ependymal cells
Satellite cells (PNS)
understand the anatomical plan and direcitonal terms
what is the neural tube derived from
ectoderm (outer layer)
what do muscle bone microglia come from
mesoderm (middle layer)
what do gut tube and associated digestivbe organs come from
endoderm (inner layer)
ecxplain how the neural tube is formed
ectoderm forms neural folds that reach dorsally and come together to form a hollow tube
what initiates the process of creating the neural tube
notochord
what do the tips in neurol folds become
neural crest cells
the neural crest cells form what
peripheral neurons, pigment cells (melanocytes), craniofacial bones and cartilage, neurolemmocytes (schwann cells)
prosencephalon (forebran) divides into what
telencephalon (then becomes the cerebral hemispheres)
And diencephaolon
mesencephalon becomes what during CNS development
stays mesencephalon then is considered midbrain
what does the rhombencephalon (hindbrain) diving into
metencephalon and myelencephelon
what does metencephalon become in mature brain
pons
cerebellum
what does myelencephalon become in mature brain
medulla oblongata
what are the 5 major CNS components
cerebrum
diencephalon
brainstem
cerebellum
spinal cord
what are the aspects of te cerebrum
cortex and subcortical structures
what are the aspects of the dienceptalon
thalamus, hypothalamus
what are the 3 partitions of the brainstem
midbrain
pons and medulla oblongata
where do 10/12 cranial nervres emerge from
brain stem
what part of the CNS is considered the little brain
cerebellum
true or false, cranial nerves are considered central nervous system
false, peripheral
what are the 2 structural divisions of the nervous system
central and peripheral nervous system
processing and coordinating info is important for the CNS or PNS
CNS
sending out and brining in info is important for the CNS or PNS
PNS
what are the 2 functional divisions of the PNS
somatic nervous system
visceral nervous system
what are the differences between somatic and visceral nervous system
somatic: volunterary (contaction of muscles, temp, pain, touch, proprioception)
visceral: autonomic (heart rate, nauseau, hunger, glandular secretion)
be able to understand the nervous system organization
.
be able to understand somatotopic organization
j
white matter in the brain is axons or cell bodies
BUNDLES OF AXONS
white matter in the CNS are budles of axons known as
tracts
white matter in the PNS are budles of axons known as
nerves
true or false: there is an inverse relationship between grey and white matter in the cerebrum vs spinal cord
true
grey matter in the brain is axons or cell bodies
collections of cell bodies
grey matter in the CNS are collections of cell bodies known as
nuclei
grey matter in the PNS are collections of cell bodies known as
ganglia
