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ANAT 323 > lecture 2: intro to neuro 2 > Flashcards

lecture 2: intro to neuro 2 Flashcards

1
Q

understand anatomical vs clinical orientation

A

.

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1
Q

how many segments of the spinal corn

A

31 segments

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2
Q

true or false: spinal nerve level does not correspond with vertebral level

A

true

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3
Q

are spinal nerves mixed?

A

yes

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4
Q

how many cervical nevres

A

8 pairs (c1-c8)

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5
Q

how many thoracic nevres

A

12 pairs (t1-t12)

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6
Q

how many lumbar nerves

A

5 pairs (l1-l5)

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7
Q

how many sacral nerves

A

5 pairs (s1-s5)

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8
Q

how many coccygeal nerves

A

1 pair (co)

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9
Q

each spinal segment is associated with what 2 things

A

myotome
dermatome

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10
Q

where does the spinal cord terminate

A

conus meddularis

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11
Q

what level does the spinal cord terminate at

A

L1/L2

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12
Q

is the cauda equina PNS or CNS

A

PNS

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13
Q

where do the spinal nerves form the cauda equina

A

lumbar cistern (space adter cord)

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14
Q

where do spinak nerves exit

A

intervertebral foramen

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15
Q

how are c1-c7 named

A

after the inferior vertbra

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16
Q

where does c5 exit

A

above the c5 vertebra

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17
Q

true or false: c1-c7 are named after the superior vert

A

false, the inferior

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18
Q

where does c8 n ecxit

A

between c7 and t1 vert

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19
Q

how are thoracic, sacral, lumbar and coccygeal nerves names

A

after superior vert.

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20
Q

true or false: the t8 nerve exits above the t8 vert.

A

false, below the t8 vert

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21
Q

true or false: up to 3 months of fetal age the spinal cord occupies the full length of the spinal canal

A

true

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22
Q

why does the spinal cord end at l1/l2

A

there is a relative ascent of spinal cord until early infance (vertebral/spinal col grows faster than the spinal cord)
=anchored by filum terminale (extension of pia matter) to sacrum

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23
Q

how is the spinal cord anchored

A

anchored by filum terminale (extension of pia matter) to the sacrum

24
Q

is the filum terminale considered nervous/or not nervous

A

not nervous

25
Q

true or false: fully developped spinal cord ends as filum terminale between l1/l2

A

false, as conus medullaris

26
Q

remaining spinal nerves after the spinal cord form what

A

the cauda equina

27
Q

where is the cauda equina formed

A

in lumbar cisterm

28
Q

what is the lumbar cistern

A

enlargement of dural sac with cerebrospinal fluid

29
Q

c5-t1 are the dermatomes for what body parts

A

upper limbs

30
Q

t4 dermatomes is at what body part

31
Q

t10 dermatomes is at what body part

A

umbillicus

32
Q

the dermatome at umbillicus is associated with what spinal n

33
Q

the dermatone at nipple is associated with what spinal n

34
Q

l2-s2 are the dermatomes for what body parts

A

lower limbs

35
Q

what is a dermatome

A

an area of skin innervated by sensory fibers in a single spinal n

36
Q

true or false: dermatomes are considered to be bilaterally or unilaterally distributed

A

unilateral

37
Q

true or false: there is a lot of overlap between adjacent spnal nerves

38
Q

where does herpes zoster virus lie dormant

A

in dorsal root ganglia in spinal nerves

39
Q

spinal nevres only cvarry info to and from the BLANK side of the body

A

ipsilateral side of the body

40
Q

what are myotomes

A

unilateral group of muscle fibers innervated by motor fibers in a single spinal nerve (derived from one somite/mesoderm)

41
Q

the calcaneal(achilles) reflex is associated with what spinal level

A

s1/s2 (buckle my shoe)

42
Q

the patellar reflex is associated with what spinal level

A

l3/l4 (kick the door)

43
Q

the biceps and brachioradiolais reflex is associated with what spinal level

A

c5/c6 (pick up sticks)

44
Q

the triceps reflex is associated with what spinal level

A

c7/c8 (lay tehm straight)

45
Q

in the reflex test, what is the scale

A

0 (absent) to 5 (sustained clonus)

2/3 is considered normal

46
Q

in the spinal cord: sensory info is dorsal or ventral

47
Q

in the spinal cord: MOTOR info is dorsal or ventral

48
Q

be able to label the spinal cord

49
Q

where do u find afferent nerve rootlets in the spinal cord

A

dorsolateral sulculs

50
Q

where do u find efferent nerve rootlets in the spinal cord

A

ventrolateral sulcus

51
Q

explain the differences in the amount of white matter in the different regions of spinal cord

A

the amount of white matter decreases as you go from cervical to sacral

52
Q

explain the differences in the shape of the spinal in the different regions of spinal cord

A

shape gets rouder as we go from cervical to sacral

53
Q

explain the differences in the size of the anterior horns in the different regions of spinal cord

A

there are big anterior horns in the cervical and lumbar sections

54
Q

explain the differences in the presence of lateral horn in the different regions of spinal cord

A

lateral horns in the thoracic and sacral regions

55
Q

lateral horns in the thoracic region are responsible for sympathetic or parasympathetic

A

sympathetic

56
Q

explain the differences in the dorsal colms in the different regions of spinal cord

A

above t6: 2 lumpy bumps
below t6: 1 lumpy bump

57
Q

true or false, white matter tracts in the spinal cord are arranged somatotopically

ANAT 323 (25 decks)

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