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anatomy 241 > Lecture 23 - Forearm and Hand > Flashcards

Lecture 23 - Forearm and Hand Flashcards

1
Q

Forearm is

A

between elbow joint and wrist joint

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2
Q

Hand is

A

from wrist joint onwards

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3
Q

Elbow joint is a

A

synovial hinge joint

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4
Q

Function of elbow

A

forearm flexion and extension (i.e. the movements involved in a bicep curl)

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5
Q

Elbow joint is made of 3 different bones…

A

Humerus
Ulna
Radius

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6
Q

Coronoid process

A

on the ulna for brachialis

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7
Q

Radial tuberosity

A

on radius for biceps brachii

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8
Q

Anatomical postion - order of the forearm bones

A

Radius, Ulna, Middle (RUM)

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9
Q

Proximal radio-ulnar joint is a

A

synovial pivot joint

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10
Q

Pivot joint

A

Uniaxial

A rounded process of bone fits into a bony ligamentour socket, permitting rotation

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11
Q

Nerve behind medial epicondyle of humerus =

A

ulnar nerve

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12
Q

Capitulum

A

more rounded structure

on the lateral side of the humerus

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13
Q

Trochlear notch

A 
of ulna 
pulley 
more 'w' in shape
medial 
fits the trochlea of the humerus
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14
Q

Radial notch

A

of ulnar
part of the ulnar
bit concave to accomodate for radius

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15
Q

Radio-ulnar joints are between

A

radius and ulnar

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16
Q

Proximal radioulnar joint and ligaments

A

Ligaments aid stability

Anular ligament
• Laxity in childhood
• Yanking movements can dislocate the radius
  • Potential damage to ligament
• aka Nursemaid’s elbow
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17
Q

Anular ligament

A

Anular ligament
• Laxity in childhood - so need to take care and be careful with childrens arms and pulling on them with a large amount of force
• Yanking movements can dislocate the radius - head of radius comes off ligament
• Potential damage to ligament
• aka Nursemaid’s elbow

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18
Q

distal radioulnar joint is a

A

synovial pivot joint

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19
Q

Distal radioulnar joint

A
  • For pronation and supination

* Has an articular disc to allow twisting of joint capsule during pronation

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20
Q

Pronation in terms of radius

A

only the radius moves in pronation, croses over the ulna

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21
Q

Supination in terms of radius

A

radius and ulna parallel to one another

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22
Q

Pronation and supination happens

A

at the radiuolnar joints (have proximal and distal ones)

distal radioulnar joint has a disc to attach to ulna (articular disc is made up of fibrocartilage)

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23
Q

Cubital fossa is a triangular space bordered by…

A

Pronator teres
Brachioradialis
Epicondyles

^ think of triangle opposite to this i.e. with base up
base is lateral epicondyle ——medial epicondyle
Left border is brachioradialis (more lateral)
RIght border is pronator teres (more medial)

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24
Q

Nearby structures to cubital fossa

A 
Brachialis 
Biceps brachii 
Median cubital vein 
Brachial artery 
Median nerve
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25
Median cubital veins connects
the cephalic vein and the basilic vein
26
Forearm muscles - pronators for pronation
pronator teres | pronator quadratus
27
Forearm muscles - supinators for supination
Biceps brachii | Supinator (on lateral side)
28
pronator teres
quite superficial pronator part of cubital fossa anterior
29
pronator quadratus
deep pronator anterior
30
Forearm muscles - anterior compartment movement
Flexors are in the anterior compartment
31
Forearm muscles - posterior compartment movement
Extensors are in the posterior compartment
32
Forearm muscles useful for
Useful for control and forceful movements of the wrist and hand. e.g., grip, lifting, writing, grabbing, etc
33
extension of hand =
pointing hand up towards face
34
flexion of hand =
pointing hand down away from face
35
Forearm muscles and tendons
muscle bellies are in the forearm and the tendons extend to the digits
36
Flexor retinaculum
Median nerve under here anterior compression of median nerve = carpal tunnel syndrome
37
Extensor retinaculum
posterior
38
Forearm arteries
* Brachial artery divides into radial and ulnary arteries * As the names suggest, radial artery runs along the radius, and ulnar artery runs along the ulna * Pulse can easily be palpated in distal radial artery radial and ulna artery empty into the superior and deep palmar arch
39
Innervation of anterior forearm muscles
median nerve supplies most of the forearm muscles, ulnar nerve supplies some of the forearm muscles
40
Innervation of posterior forearm muscles
radial nerve
41
Innervation of posterior hand muscles
none as there are non muscles on the posterior hand
42
Anterior hand and nerves
Most muscles =ulnar | some muscles= median
43
Anterior forearm and nerves
Most muscles = median | some muscles = ulnar
44
Location of the biceps tendon
Biceps tendon in groove between the greater and lesser tubercle of the humerus
45
Wrist =
radiocarpal joint
46
What does the articular disc do ?
Articular disc does not allow the ulna to come in contact with the carpal
47
Wrist joint is an
ellipsoid (condyloid) synovial joint
48
Wrist joint is between
between radius and proximal carpals
49
Movements of wrist
``` flexion extension adduction abduction circumduction ```
50
Carpometacarpal joint =
between carpal and metacarpal
51
Metacarpophalangeal joint =
between metacarpal and phalanges
52
Interphalangeal joint =
between phalanges
53
Intercarpal joints are
synovial plane joints
54
Carpal tunnel
The carpal tunnel is a narrow passageway surrounded by bones and ligaments on the palm side of your hand. When the median nerve is compressed, the symptoms can include numbness, tingling and weakness in the hand and arm. The flexor retinaculum is a fibrous connective tissue band that forms the anterior roof of the carpal tunnel. Narrow space so not a lot of movement there are ten different tendons that go through here as well as the median nerve
55
Hand bony features
metacarpals | phalanges
56
Function of the hand
* Manipulation * Sensation * Interaction with environment * Joints within hands are synovial joints
57
Movement of interphalangeal joints
flexion and extension
58
Movement of metacarpo-phalangeal joints
flexion, extension abduction, adduction circumduction
59
abduction in hands =
spreading fingers
60
carpometacarpal joint 1 movement
joint at thumb, more flexible important for opposition (and subsequent reposition which is going back to a flat hand) flexion and extension of thumb (extension is moving out in coronal plane, flexion is bring in like when you show four fingers on your hand) abduction and adduction of thumb (abd = moving out in sagittal plane)
61
Carpometacarpal joints 2-5 movement
minimal movement possible
62
Arterial supply to hand
Radial and ulnar arteries form superficial and deep palmar arches in the hand ``` superficial = digits deep = thumb ```
63
Venous supply to hand
the dorsal side of the hand has the dorsal venous network/arch cephalic vein originates on the lateral side basilic vein originates from the medial side
64
Innervation of anterior muscles of the hand
median nerve supplies some hand muscles | ulnar nerve supplies most hand muscles
65
innervation of the posterior muscles of the hand
no posterior hand muscles so no need for innervation by nerves
66
Intrinsic hand muscles functions
small so do not generate as much force for fine motor movements such as writing and clay making
67
Intrinsic hand muscles
Thenar and hypothenar | Interossei
68
Thenar and hypothenar muscles are for
thumb and digit 5 movements used in grips, precise movement and control of the digits intrinsic hand muscles
69
Thenar and median nerve
supplied by median nerve so carpel tunnel sundrome affects thumb movement
70
thenar movement of
thumb
71
hypothenar movement of
digit 5 (pinky finger)
72
Interossei muscles are for
digits abduction and adduction intrinsic hand muscles located between the metacarpals palmar interossei = attaches more on medial side, PADduciton Dorsal interossei = attaches more on lateral side, DABduction
73
palmar interossei
palmar interossei = attaches more on medial side, PADduciton
74
dorsal interossei
Dorsal interossei = attaches more on lateral side, DABduction

anatomy 241 (29 decks)

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