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anatomy 241 > Lecture 22 - Pectorial Girdle and Arm Muscles > Flashcards

Lecture 22 - Pectorial Girdle and Arm Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Shoulder muscles

A

Connect scapula, clavicle, body wall to the humerus

Move the shoulder joints

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2
Q

Shoulder muscles list

A

Deltoid
Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major

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3
Q

Deltoid origin and insertion

A

Origin:
• Scapula, Clavicle
Insertion:
• Humerus

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4
Q

Deltoid is innervated by the

A

axillary nerve

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5
Q

Deltoid and function on arm

A

Deltoid has 3 different fibres, looks like an inverted triangle, located in the upper part of the arm

  • Anterior fibres = flex (flexion of the shoulder joint)
  • Middle fibres = abduct
  • Posterior fibres = extend
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6
Q

Pectoralis major origin and insertion

A

Origin:
• Clavicle, Sternum, costal cartilages (attaches proximally)
Insertion:
• Humerus (attaches distally to the humerus)

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7
Q

Pectoralis major function

A

• Flexion, adduction and medial rotation of arm

on anterior surface which is why it does dlextion

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8
Q

Latissimus dorsi origin and insertion

A

It is quite a light muscle

Origin:
• Spinous processes of the vertebrae, iliac crest, inferior ribs
Insertion:
• Humerus (attaches distally)

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9
Q

Latissimus dorsi function

A

• Extend, adduct (brings the shoulder joint back to the midline), medially rotate arm

connects to shoulder joint therefore has action on it

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10
Q

Teres major origin and insertion

A

Origin:
• Inferior angle of scapula
Insertion:
• Humerus

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11
Q

Teres major function

A

Function:

• Extend, adduct, medially rotate arm

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12
Q

Shoulder muscles from most anterior to most posterior

A

Pectoralis major
Long tendon of biceps
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major

(MLLM)

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13
Q

Pectorial girldle muscles list

A

Trapezius
Levator scapulae
Rhomboids

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14
Q

Trapezius origin and insertion

A 
Origin:
• Occipital bone
Insertion:
• Clavicle
• Scapula (spine & acromion)
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15
Q

Function on scapula of trapezius

A 
Function on scapula:
• Superior fibres = Elevate scapula
• Horizontal fibres = Retraction of the scapula 
 • Inferior fibres = Depress the scapula
• Rotation
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16
Q

Levator scapulae origin and insertion

A

Origin:
• Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
Insertion:
• Superior angle of scapula

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17
Q

Levator scapulae function

A

• Elevate scapula

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18
Q

Rhomboids

A

4 sided muscle for retraction, more than one rhomboid (minor and major - names are not examinable)

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19
Q

Rhomboids origin and insertion

A

Origin:
• Spinous processes of the vertebrae
Insertion:
• Medial border of scapula

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20
Q

Rhomboids function

A

Function:

• Retract scapula

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21
Q

Number of rotator cuff muscles

A

4

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22
Q

Rotator cuff muscles list

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

(Teres MAJOR is not a part of the rotator cuff)

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23
Q

General function of rotator cuff muscles

A

General function:
• To support glenohumeral joint
• All rotate humerus, except for supraspinatus

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24
Q

What do rotator cuff muscles connect?

A

connects scapula and clavicle to the humerus

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25
Q

SITS stands for what group of muscles and also list the muscles

A

Rotator cuff muscles

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

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26
Q

Rotator cuff muscles that are on the posterior side of the scapula

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor

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27
Q

Rotator cuff muscles that are on the anterior side of the scapula

A

Subscapularis

28
Q

Attachments of rotator cuff muscles

A

All attach to the greater tubercle of the humerus, except for subscapularis (attaches to the lesser tubercle)

greater tubercle is more lateral

Lesser tubercle is more medial therefore helps more with medial rotaiton

29
Q

Function of rotator cuff muscles

A
  • Supraspinatus initiates abduction
  • Infraspinatus and Teres minor laterally rotate humerus
  • Subscapularismedially rotates humerus
30
Q

Supraspinatus function

A

Supraspinatus initiates abduction (helps to initiate, only about 10 degrees, deltoids then takes over)

31
Q

Infraspinatus and Teres minor function

A

Infraspinatus and Teres minor laterally rotate humerus

32
Q

Subscapularis function

A

Subscapularis medially rotates humerus

33
Q

Rotator cuff impingement

A

impingement is about tendon

Implications:
• Inflammation (Tendinitis, bursitis (inflammation of burse which is a pouch of synovial membrane)) 
• Swelling & pain
• Impairs movement
• Possible rupture of tendons
• Capsular weakness

Remember:
Tendons and ligaments lack blood vessels (Difficulty healing)

34
Q

Arm muscles

A

Biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis, triceps brachii

35
Q

Anterior compartment of arm muscles

A

• Flexors
• Muscle: Biceps brachii,
Brachialis, Coracobrachialis
• Nerve: MusculoCutaneous nerve

36
Q

Posterior compartment of arm muscles

A
  • Extensors

* Muscle: triceps brachii • Nerve: radial nerve

37
Q

Nerve of the anterior comparment of arm mucles

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

38
Q

Nerve fo the posterior compartment of arm muscles

A

Radial nerve

39
Q

______ in anterior comparment of arm muscles

A

flexors

40
Q

_______ in posterior compartment of arm muscles

A

extensors

41
Q

Muscles of the anterior comparment of the arm

A

Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis

42
Q

Muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm

A

Triceps brachii

43
Q

Triceps brachii

A

Only posterior one

3 headed muscle - long, lateral and medial head (medial head is deep to the long head)

44
Q

Origin and insertion of triceps brachii

A

Origin:
• Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
• Medial head: humerus
• Lateral head: humerus

Insertion:
• Olecranon of ulna (common attachment of all three heads here)

45
Q

Long head of triceps brachii origin

A

Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

46
Q

Medial head of triceps brachii origin

A

Medial head: humerus

47
Q

Lateral head of triceps brachii origin

A

Lateral head: humerus

48
Q

Function of triceps brachii

A

Extend arm and forearm (because posterior)

Long head is the only one that attaches at the shoulder joint and the other 2 attach to the arm

All heads cause = Elbow joint extension
Long head = SJ extension

49
Q

Biceps brachii

A

Anterior

2 heads - long and short head

50
Q

Biceps brachii origin and insertion

A

Origin:
• Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
• Short head: coracoid process

Insertion:
• Radial tuberosity

51
Q

Long head of biceps brachii origin

A

Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

52
Q

Short head of biceps brachii origin

A

Short head: coracoid process

53
Q

Biceps brachii function

A

Function:
• Flex arm & forearm
• Supinate forearm

SJ flexion, EJ flexion, supination of forearm

54
Q

Bicipital aponeuriosis

A

Median nerve and brachial artery run under this

Need to extend elbow to feel pulse to move this out of the way

brachial artery goes under this then splits

55
Q

Coracobrachialis origin and insertion

A

Origin:
• Coracoid process
Insertion:
• Humerus

56
Q

Coracobrachialis function

A

Function:
• Flex arm
• Adduct arm

SJ flexion - doesnt cross EJ so no function

57
Q

Brachialis origin and insertion

A

arm to elbow

Origin:
• Humerus

Insertion:
• Coronoid process of Ulna

58
Q

Brachialis function

A

• Flex forearm

EJ flexion - does not cross the SJ so no function here

59
Q

Brachial artery

A
  • Continuation of axillary artery
  • Runs on medial forearm
  • Divides into radial and ulnary arteries

deep veins match

60
Q

Arterial supply to the upper limb

A

Subclavian to axillary to brachial to radial and ulnar artery

61
Q

Arm veins

A
  • Brachial veins is deep, and run with brachial artery
  • Two large superficial veins are cephalic and basilic veins
  • The median cubital vein crosses between them
62
Q

Median cubital vein

A

cross between the cephalic and basilic veins

Connecting branch between the two

Blood is usually taken from here

63
Q

Innervation of anterior arm muscles

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (pierces through coracobrachialis, MC in arm itself is between brachialis and biceps)

MC supplies BBC MusculoCutaneous supplies Biceps, Brachialis, Coracobrachialis

64
Q

MC supplies BBC

A

MusculoCutaneous supplies Biceps, Brachialis, Coracobrachialis

65
Q

Innervation of posterior arm muscles

A

Radial nerve

anatomy 241 (29 decks)

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