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anatomy 241 > Lecture 18 - Muscles of the pelvic girdle and thigh > Flashcards

Lecture 18 - Muscles of the pelvic girdle and thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal aorta branches

A

Abdominal aorta splits to left and right common iliac

common iliac spliets into internal and external iliac artery

external iliac artery turns into the femoral artery once it passes through the inguinal ligament and this goes all the way to the foot

deep femoral artery (profunda femoris)

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2
Q

Femoral triangle

A

Inverted triangle, a transition area from pelvis into thigh

Boundaries
• Superior (base):
inguinal ligament
• Medial: adductor longus 
• Lateral: sartorius
• Contents (from medial to lateral) – VAN
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3
Q

Blood supply to the hip and the thigh

A

External iliac to femoral artery (after passing under the inguinal ligament)

Main blood supply to thigh muscles = Deep femoral artery and vein
It has perforating branches wrapping around the femur
Femoral artery is a common location for catheterization

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4
Q

Blood vessel supply to the thigh

A

Femoral artery passes through the adductor hiatus (in adductor magnus), and becomes the popliteal artery

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5
Q

Adductor magnus

A

for thigh adduction

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6
Q

where does the popliteal artery come from

A

femoral artery foes to the posterior side through the adductor hiatus and becomes the popliteal artery

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7
Q

Popliteal artery is in the

A

popliteal fossa (posterior)

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8
Q

Boundaries of the popliteal fossa

A

Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps femoris
Gastrocnemius

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9
Q

Content - behind the knee

A 
Popliteal vein (V)
Popliteal artery (A)
Tibial nerve (N)
Common fibular nerve
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10
Q

Lower limb innervation

A 
Forms three main peripheral nerves 
• Sciatic (tibial and common fibular)
• Femoral
• Obturator
Plus gluteal nerves
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11
Q

Femoral nerve course and supplies..

A

Course:
• Emerge between psoas major and iliacus (iliopsoas)
• Passes from the pelvis into the anterior thigh under the
inguinal ligament
• Runs through femoral triangle with the femoral artery and femoral vein

supplies anterior thigh and skin (anterior thigh and medial leg)

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12
Q

femoral nerve innervates

A

Muscles in the anterior thigh

Skin in anterior thigh & medial leg

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13
Q

Main functions of femoral nerve

A

The main functions of anterior muscles are hip flexion & knee extension

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14
Q

Femoral nerve injury leads to

A

Femoral nerve injury leads to weakness/difficulty in hip flexion and/or knee extension (brings femur up)

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15
Q

Posterior muscles that attach to the hip and knee cause

A

hip extension and knee flexion

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16
Q

Anterior muscles that attach to the hip and knee cause

A

hip flexion and knee extension

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17
Q

Obturator nerve

A

Exits the pelvis into the medial thigh through the obturator foramen

Innervates muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh

The main function of these muscles is hip adduction

Supplies medial thigh muscle for hip adduction

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18
Q

Sciatic nerve

A

Enter the posterior thigh through the
greater sciatic foramen

If sciatic nerve pierces through the piriformis muscle, the person may have piriformis syndrome

supplies posterior thigh, leg and foot muscles

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19
Q

Superior gluteal nerve

A

goes above piriformis muscle and supplies hip abductors

Main function of hip abductors:
• To maintain a level pelvis during single leg stance
• Hip abduction and internal rotation

Superior gluteal nerve injury leads to dropping of contralateral pelvis

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20
Q

Inferior gluteal nerve

A

below piriformis and supplies the gluteus maximus

The main function of this muscle is hip extension

Inferior gluteal nerve injury causes:
• Not much impact on walking
• Difficulty in getting up from a chair or climbing stairs

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21
Q

Superior gluteal nerve injury leads to

A

dropping of contralateral pelvis

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22
Q

Inferior gluteal nerve injury causes:

A
  • Not much impact on walking

* Difficulty in getting up from a chair or climbing stairs

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23
Q

Iliopsoas is a

A

hip flexor

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24
Q

Hip flexors list

A

Iliopsoas
Quadriceps femoris (incl rectus femoris)
Sartorius

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25
Q

Iliopsoas origin

A
  • Iliacus: Iliac fossa and crest

* Psoas: vertebrae

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26
Q

Iliopsoas insertion

A

Lesser trochanter (common attachment of iliopsoas at the lesser trochanter)

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27
Q

Iliopsoas functions

A

Strong hip flexor (contraction brings about hip flexion)

Flexes trunk if legs fixed

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28
Q

Iliopsoas nerve

A

Femoral

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29
Q

Parts of quadriceps femoris

A
  • Rectus femoris
  • Vastus medialis
  • Vastus intermedius
  • Vastus lateralis
30
Q

Rectus femoris movement =

A

hip flexion as it is the only muscle from quadriceps femoris that crosses the hip

31
Q

knee joint extension and quadriceps femoris

A
  • Vastus medialis
  • Vastus intermedius
  • Vastus lateralis
32
Q

Common attachment of the four heads of quadriceps femoris =

A

quadriceps tendon (tibial tuberosity)

33
Q

Rectus femoris origin

A

Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine

34
Q

Rectus femoris insertion

A

Quadriceps femoris tendon –> patella –> patellar ligament –> tibial tuberosity

35
Q

Rectus femoris function

A
  • Hip joint: flexes

* Knee joint: extends

36
Q

Nerve of rectus femoris

A

Femoral nerve

37
Q

Origin of sartorius

A

Anterior superior iliac spine

38
Q

Insertion of sartorius

A

Medial side tibia (pes anserinus)

39
Q

Sartorius functions

A

Known as the Tailor’s muscle
(sitting cross-legged)

Hip: flexes, abducts, externally rotates
Knee: flexes

Cross leg = hip joint flexion, abduction, lateral rotation and flexion at the knee

40
Q

Sartorius nerve innervation by

A

Femoral nerve

41
Q

Pes anserinus

A 
Insertion site for three muscles
(one from each compartment of the thigh)
 • Sartorius
• Gracilis
• Semitendinosus
42
Q

Say Grace before Tea

A

pes anserinus acronym

  • Sartorius
  • Gracilis
  • semiTendinosus
43
Q

Hip extensors list

A

Gluteus maximus

Hamstrings

44
Q

Gluteus maximus origin

A

Posterior ilium, lateral sacrum and coccyx

45
Q

Gluteus maximus insertion

A

Gluteal tuberosity

Iliotibial band

46
Q

Gluteus maximus functions

A

Hip extension (for standing up because posterior)

For climbing steps

for changing from sitting to standing position

47
Q

Nerve and blood for gluteus maximus

A

Inferior gluteal

48
Q

Hamstrings location

A

posterior thigh

49
Q

Three muscles of hamstrings

A
  1. Semitendinosus
  2. Semimembranosus
  3. Biceps femoris (has a long and a short head)
50
Q

Hamstrings origin

A
  • Ischial tuberosity
  • Except biceps femoris short head: linea aspera (shaft of femur) - long head of biceps femoris attachs to ischial tuberosity
51
Q

Hamstring insertion

A

Tibia – semimembranosus and semitendinosus
(not at the same location!)

Head of fibula – Bicep femoris

52
Q

Function of the hamstrings

A

Actions:
• Hip: extends
• Knee: flexes
• Rotation at the knee (lateral rotation by bicep femoris, medial rotation by semitendinosus and semimembranosus)

53
Q

Nerve of the hamstrings

A

All are supplied by tibial nerve, except for

short head of bicep femoris

54
Q

Hamstring injuries

A

May happen in sports requiring sudden acceleration or decelerations such as sprinting or kicking in balls.

55
Q

Hip abductors

A

Gluteus medius and minimus- Medius is on top of minimus

Tensor fascia lata

56
Q

Gluteus medius and minimus origin

A

Ilium

57
Q

Gluteus medius and minimus insertion

A

Greater trochanter

58
Q

Tensor fascia lata origin

A

Origin: ASIS & Iliac crest

59
Q

Tensor fascia lata insertion

A

Insertion: Iliotibial band
(thickening of deep fascia of thigh)

IT band also attached to gluteus maximus so pulls on it when you try stand up from sitting

60
Q

Function of hip abductors

A

Hip joint abduction and internal rotation

Maintain pelvis horizontal during single-leg stance

In case of muscle weakness or nerve injury: dropping of contralateral pelvis (Trendelenburg sign/gait)

61
Q

Nerve and artery of hip abductors

A

Superior gluteal

62
Q

Hip adductors

A

Three “adductors”
(brevis, longus (part of femoral triangle), magnus (adductor hiatus))
Pectineus
Gracilis

63
Q

Origin of hip adductors

A

except for adductor magnus

pubic bone

64
Q

Insertion of hip adductors

A

except for adductor magnus

femur

65
Q

Adductor magnus origin

A

Pubic bone and Ischium

66
Q

Adductor magnus insertion

A

Femur and adductor tubercle

67
Q

Adductor magnus - adductor hiatus

A

Adductor hiatus – passage of femoral artery into popliteal space.

68
Q

Adductor magnus

A

Has adductor and hamstring parts

69
Q

Functions of hip adductors

A

Functions: to adduct the thigh, but when do we adduct?

  • Stabilize one-leg stance, together with the abductors
  • Adductor magnus has a hamstring part for hip extension
70
Q

Swing phase of gait

A

Adductor longus contributes

to hip flexion (e.g., kicking with medial side of the foot in soccer)

71
Q

Hip adductors innverated by

A

Innervated by the obturator nerve

Enters the thigh through the obturator canal (foramen in
the obturator membrane)

anatomy 241 (29 decks)

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