Lecture 18 - Muscles of the pelvic girdle and thigh Flashcards
Abdominal aorta branches
Abdominal aorta splits to left and right common iliac
common iliac spliets into internal and external iliac artery
external iliac artery turns into the femoral artery once it passes through the inguinal ligament and this goes all the way to the foot
deep femoral artery (profunda femoris)
Femoral triangle
Inverted triangle, a transition area from pelvis into thigh
Boundaries • Superior (base): inguinal ligament • Medial: adductor longus • Lateral: sartorius • Contents (from medial to lateral) – VAN
Blood supply to the hip and the thigh
External iliac to femoral artery (after passing under the inguinal ligament)
Main blood supply to thigh muscles = Deep femoral artery and vein
It has perforating branches wrapping around the femur
Femoral artery is a common location for catheterization
Blood vessel supply to the thigh
Femoral artery passes through the adductor hiatus (in adductor magnus), and becomes the popliteal artery
Adductor magnus
for thigh adduction
where does the popliteal artery come from
femoral artery foes to the posterior side through the adductor hiatus and becomes the popliteal artery
Popliteal artery is in the
popliteal fossa (posterior)
Boundaries of the popliteal fossa
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps femoris
Gastrocnemius
Content - behind the knee
Popliteal vein (V) Popliteal artery (A) Tibial nerve (N) Common fibular nerve
Lower limb innervation
Forms three main peripheral nerves • Sciatic (tibial and common fibular) • Femoral • Obturator Plus gluteal nerves
Femoral nerve course and supplies..
Course:
• Emerge between psoas major and iliacus (iliopsoas)
• Passes from the pelvis into the anterior thigh under the
inguinal ligament
• Runs through femoral triangle with the femoral artery and femoral vein
supplies anterior thigh and skin (anterior thigh and medial leg)
femoral nerve innervates
Muscles in the anterior thigh
Skin in anterior thigh & medial leg
Main functions of femoral nerve
The main functions of anterior muscles are hip flexion & knee extension
Femoral nerve injury leads to
Femoral nerve injury leads to weakness/difficulty in hip flexion and/or knee extension (brings femur up)
Posterior muscles that attach to the hip and knee cause
hip extension and knee flexion
Anterior muscles that attach to the hip and knee cause
hip flexion and knee extension
Obturator nerve
Exits the pelvis into the medial thigh through the obturator foramen
Innervates muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh
The main function of these muscles is hip adduction
Supplies medial thigh muscle for hip adduction
Sciatic nerve
Enter the posterior thigh through the
greater sciatic foramen
If sciatic nerve pierces through the piriformis muscle, the person may have piriformis syndrome
supplies posterior thigh, leg and foot muscles
Superior gluteal nerve
goes above piriformis muscle and supplies hip abductors
Main function of hip abductors:
• To maintain a level pelvis during single leg stance
• Hip abduction and internal rotation
Superior gluteal nerve injury leads to dropping of contralateral pelvis
Inferior gluteal nerve
below piriformis and supplies the gluteus maximus
The main function of this muscle is hip extension
Inferior gluteal nerve injury causes:
• Not much impact on walking
• Difficulty in getting up from a chair or climbing stairs
Superior gluteal nerve injury leads to
dropping of contralateral pelvis
Inferior gluteal nerve injury causes:
- Not much impact on walking
* Difficulty in getting up from a chair or climbing stairs
Iliopsoas is a
hip flexor
Hip flexors list
Iliopsoas
Quadriceps femoris (incl rectus femoris)
Sartorius
