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anatomy 241 > Lab 2 - Intro to histology techniques and epithelial tissue > Flashcards

Lab 2 - Intro to histology techniques and epithelial tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Pancreas endocrine

A

production of hormones

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2
Q

Pancreas endocrine

A
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3
Q

Pancreas exocrine

A

Production of digestive enzymes = exocrine

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4
Q

Pancreas

A

one of the accessory glands associated with the mammalian gut

produces hormones (endocrine) and digestive enzymes (exocrine). Since these are proteins the cells of the pancreas are specialised for the synthesis and export of massive quantities of protein

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5
Q

Pancreas function reflected in their structure

A

The organelles concerned with protein synthesis( rER) and export (golgi apparatus) are highly developed

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6
Q

The pancreas in made up of large numbers of cellular clusters called

A

acini which are closely packed together and the lumens of these acini lead to intralobular ducts and then interlobular ducts and finally the pancreas duct itself

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7
Q

Cytochemical staining method

A

designed to specifically stain the two types of nucleic acid - DNA and RNA

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8
Q

Routine steps in preparing sections for light microscopy

A

Removal of fresh tissue
Then have removed piece of tissue
Tissue cut to appropriate size
fixation e.g. with formaldehyde
dehydration in increasing concentrations of alcohol
embedding e.g. in paraffin or paraplast
completed paraffin tissue block
Sectioning on a microtome with steel knife
Sections mounted on glass slide and dried
Removal of paraffin with xylene
Seres of graded alcohol (decreasing concentrations)
Staining of mounted sections such as with H and E
Series of graded alcohol (increasing concentrations)
Stained sections in mounting medium under coverslip reading for microscopy

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9
Q

4 basic tissue types

A

epithelium
connective
muscle
nervous

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10
Q

Methyl Green (MG) specifically stains

A

DNA green

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11
Q

Pyronin-Y (PY) specifically stains

A

RNA pink

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12
Q

What structures in the pancreatic cells would stain with MG and what would stain with PY?

A

Nucleus will be stained green from the MG

Nucleous and basal sytoplasm will be stained pink by the PY because of the RNA in the nucleolus and the ribosomes and RER in the cytoplasm

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13
Q

Light microscopy

A

used to look at thin sections of tissues with the objective lens allowing different magnifications

to allow cells and cell structures to be visualiised different stains are used to differentiate between structures

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14
Q

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

A

To look at the surface of a cell or structure at high magnification without sectioning it, SEM uses electron beams to create a 3D image

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15
Q

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

A

To look at the surface of a cell or structure at high magnification without sectioning it, SEM uses electron beas to create a 3D image

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16
Q

Pancreas exocrine

A

Production of digestive enzymes = exocrine

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17
Q

Pancreas

A

one of the accessory glands associated with the mammalian gut

produces hormones (endocrine) and digestive enzymes (exocrine). Since these are proteins the cells of the pancreas are specialised for the synthesis and export of massive quantities of protein

How well did you know this?
1
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18
Q

Pancreas function reflected in their structure

A

The organelles concerned with protein synthesis( rER) and export (golgi apparatus) are highly developed

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19
Q

The pancreas in made up of large numbers of cellular clusters called

A

acini which are closely packed together and the lumens of these acini lead to intralobular ducts and then interlobular ducts and finally the pancreas duct itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
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20
Q

Cytochemical staining method

A

designed to specifically stain the two types of nucleic acid - DNA and RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Routine steps in preparing sections for light microscopy

A

Removal of fresh tissue
Then have removed piece of tissue
Tissue cut to appropriate size
fixation e.g. with formaldehyde
dehydration in increasing concentrations of alcohol
embedding e.g. in paraffin or paraplast
completed paraffin tissue block
Sectioning on a microtome with steel knife
Sections mounted on glass slide and dried
Removal of paraffin with xylene
Seres of graded alcohol (decreasing concentrations)
Staining of mounted sections such as with H and E
Series of graded alcohol (increasing concentrations)
Stained sections in mounting medium under coverslip reading for microscopy

How well did you know this?
1
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22
Q

4 basic tissue types

A

epithelium
connective
muscle
nervous

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23
Q

Methyl Green (MG) specifically stains

A

DNA green

24
Q

Pyronin-Y (PY) specifically stains

A

RNA pink

25
Q

What structures in the pancreatic cells would stain with MG and what would stain with PY?

A

Nucleus will be stained green from the MG

Nucleous and basal sytoplasm will be stained pink by the PY because of the RNA in the nucleolus and the ribosomes and RER in the cytoplasm

26
Q

Light microscopy

A

used to look at thin sections of tissues with the objective lens allowing different magnifications

to allow cells and cell structures to be visualiised different stains are used to differentiate between structures

27
Q

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

A

used beams of electrons through the surface of thin sections of tissue to visualise structures at a much higher magnification

28
Q

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

A

To look at the surface of a cell or structure at high magnification without sectioning it, SEM uses electron beams to create a 3D image

29
Q

Microvilli with different microscopes

A

At LM microvilli can only be seen as a brush border. Either TEM or SEM would provide a clearer view of individual microvili

30
Q

Staining allows us to

A

highlight key structures within the tissue

31
Q

H&E stands for

A

Haematoxylin and Eosin

32
Q

H&E

A

Haemotoxylin is a basic dye that stains acidic structures purple. Eosin is an acidic dye that stains basic structures red/pink

e.g. cytoplasm is basic therefore is pink and the nucleus is acidic because of DNA therefore stained purple

33
Q

Aldehyde acid fuschin

A

Stains elastic tissue purple

34
Q

Alcian green

A

Stains microvilli green and mucus in goblet cells blue/green

35
Q

Haemtoxylin alum (gills haematoxylin)

A

stains nucleus of epithelial cell blue

36
Q

Biebrichs scarlet

A

Stains granules in epithelial cells bright red, also red blood cells and most cell cytoplasm stained red, nuclei red/purple

37
Q

Analine blue + picric acid

A

stains cytoplasm an orange-red, collagen blue

38
Q

Pentachrome =

A 
Aldehyde acid fuschin
Alcian green 
Haemtoxylin alum (gills haematoxylin) 
Biebrichs scarlet 
Analine blue + picric acid
39
Q

Pentachrom will also stain on top of H&E structures…

A

also stain elastic tissues, mucous (green with alcian green), epithelial nuclei, cell membrane specialisations such as microvilli and collagen

40
Q

Benefits of LM

A

Relatively cheap, easy to use, limited magnification

Can go into the field easily - benefits to science rather than benefits to just you

41
Q

Benefits and disadvantages of EM

A

High magnification, able to visualise small organelles and structures

very expensive, very large

42
Q

Tight junction

A

controlling the paracellular pathway, prevents luminal contents passing between cells

43
Q

Zonula adherens

A

provides structural support and reinforcement between cells

44
Q

Desmosome

A

Binds epithelial cells together as a tight unit/tissue

45
Q

Hemidesmosome

A

provide anchoring support for the cell into the basement membrane via its cytoskeleton

46
Q

Antibody against actin in epithelial cell junctions

A

tight junctions, zonula adherens

47
Q

Antibody against cytokeratin in epithelial cell junctions

A

desmosomes and hemidesmosomes

48
Q

Microvilli microscopy

A

apical
function = absorption
visible at EM and shown as a brush border at LM

49
Q

Nuclei/nucleolus microscopy

A

BAsal
function = cell activity
visible at LM and EM

50
Q

Mitochondria microscopy

A

Apical and basal
Function = energy
visible at EM

51
Q

Actin microscopy

A

Apical
function = anchor/junction
visible at EM

52
Q

Junctions microscopy

A

Apical
function = protection
visible at EM

53
Q

RER/golgi microscopy

A

Apical/basal
function = protein synthesis
Visible at EM

54
Q

Phase-contrast microscopy

A

is primarily a means of looking at living cells. It renders transparent objects, which do not absorb light and which cannot be seen with any clarity in bright field microscopy

USed bed on single cells or on layers of one cell thick from which refractile structures are absent

55
Q

Phase contrast vs bright field microscopy

A

Phase contrast is better for cisualising unfixed, unstained tissue, whereas conventional bright field microscopy is best for visualising fixed and stained tissues

anatomy 241 (29 decks)

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