Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

anatomy 241 > Lecture 17 - Pelvic Girdle and Hip > Flashcards

Lecture 17 - Pelvic Girdle and Hip Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the lower limb

A

Movement & bipedal locomotion

Weight bearing

Force transmission i.e. kicking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gluteal

A

Pelvis area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Thigh

A

Between hip and knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Leg

A

Between knee and ankle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Foot

A

Below ankle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Movements of the limb

A

Flexion and extension
Abduction and adduction
Rotation (internal/medial and external/lateral)
Circumduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Plane of flexion and extension in limbs

A

Sagittal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Plane of abduction and adduction in the limbs

A

Front/coronal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Plane of rotation (internal/medial and external/lateral) in the limbs

A

Transverse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

abduction

A

away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

adduction

A

towards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Note that bending of the knee =

A

flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Plane of circumduction in the limbs

A

occurs in multiple planes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tissue layers

A

Bone
Deep fascia - within is bone, muscle, blood vessels, arteries and deep veins
Skin
Superficial fascia - mostly fat but also some blood supply, will find some superficial veins
Muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Muscle compartments

A

Musculoskeletal system are compartmentalized, separated by fascia

Muscles in each compartment share a
• Common function
• Common blood and nerve supply
(supply structures shared i.e. VAN)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

VAN means

A

vein
artery
nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Nervous system

A

three plexuses in the body = cervical plexus, brachial plexus, lumbosacral plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Three plexuses in the body

A

Cervical – supplying the neck Brachial – supplying upper limb
Lumbosacral – supplying lower limb ( formed by the anterior rami of L1-S4) (nerve comes from lumbar and sacral nerves)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ramus =

A

branch (of blood vessels of nerves for example)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

All muscles need a

A

nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Three main nerves for the lower limb

A
  1. Sciatic (tibial & common fibular)
  2. Femoral
  3. Obturator
    Plus gluteal nerves (superior and inferior gluteal nerves)
    Nerves supply muscles also supply joints over which they pass, and other tissues such as skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sciatic nerve

A

Large nerve, posterior side of the thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Femoral nerve

A

supplies anterior thigh and medial (and anterior) leg skin
located in the pelvis, anterior to hip
helps the muscles move the hip and straighten the leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Obturator

A

supplies medial thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Skin innervation

A
  • Each nerve has branches that supply a specific area of skin
  • Important when diagnosing nerve injuries

For examples:
• Femoral supplies anterior thigh and
medial leg skin
• Obturator supplies medial thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Arterial supply

A

Abdominal aorta (arterial supply comes from here) splits into two to form the common iliac artery which splits to form the internal and external iliac artery. External iliac artery eventually becomes the femoral artery

Note: Deep veins of the same name accompany the arteries.
Joints and skin also receive vascular supplies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Pulse location

A

Femoral pulse
Popliteal pulse
Dorsalis pedis pulse
Posterior tibial pulse (behind medial malleolus)

People with peripheral arterial disease may have
weak or no pulse in the periphery - important diagnostic tool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Function of veins

A

to return deoxygenated blood back towards the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Features of veins

A

Veins have low blood pressure

Venous blood in the lower limb needs to move against gravity

These veins have valves to prevent back-flow against gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Two mechanisms help venous blood movement

A

Arteriovenous pump – arterial pulse helps warm and push blood in accompanying veins

Musculovenous pump – when skeletal muscles contract, muscle bellies expansion helps propel venous blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

The limbs has two venous systems

A

Superficial (outside to the deep fascia)

Deep (inside the muscle
compartment) venous systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Pathway of veins of the lower limb

A

Great saphenous vein empties into/joins the femoral vein and the small saphenous vein empties into/joins the popliteal vein in the popliteal fossa. Then enters into the inferior vena cava

33
Q

Deep veins follow their arteries as

A

venae comitantes (accompanying vein)

34
Q

Two major superficial veins in the lower limb are

A

Great saphenous vein (empties into the femoral vein)

Small saphenous vein (empties into the popliteal vein)

35
Q

Valve failure

A

Valve failure in the superficial veins can lead to varicose vein

36
Q

Fossa =

A

shallow depression or hollow

37
Q

Pelvis girdle

A

2 X pelvis and 1 x Sacrum

Osteoligamentous ring connected by sacroiliac joint (SIJ) and pubic symphysis

38
Q

Joints in the pelvic girdle

A

Pubic symphysis = usually not mobile but is in child birth via a hormone to allow movement

Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) (x2)

39
Q

Pelvic girdle consists of

A

Sacrum
Hip bones
Many ligaments

40
Q

Pelvic girdle articulates with

A

Laterally: Femora x 2

Inferiorly: Coccyx

Superiorly: L5 (disc & vertebral body)

41
Q

Sacroiliac ligaments

A

Sacroiliac ligaments help stabilize the SIJs. (stabilise the pelvic girdle)

They consist of:
Anterior
Interosseous (”between bone”) - deep, span between tuberosities of ilium and sacrum, inbetween pelvis and sacrum
Posterior

42
Q

Pelvic girdle functions

A

Protects and supports pelvic organs (bladder, rectum, anal canal, reproductive tracts)

Transmits body weight from trunk to lower extremities
• Essential for standing and gait

Bony prominences for attachment of muscles and ligaments

43
Q

Transmission of weight

A

down vertebral column, around ilium and wight eventually travels down through the femurs

44
Q

Sacrum

A

5 fused vertebrae, contributes to the sacroiliac joint

It has sacral canal (superior), sacral hiatus (inferior)

Continuation of vertebral canal, contain sacral spinal nerves (spinal cord ends at L1/L2 level).

anterior formina and posterior foramina for spinal nerves

sacral canal connects down to the sacral hiatus

45
Q

Gluteal lines

A

Muscles attach in this area, lines on the hip bone

46
Q

Acetabulum provides

A

a socket for hip joint

47
Q

Pelvis consists of 3 bones fused in late teens approx what age

A

16 - 18

48
Q

Pelvis consists of 3 bones …

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

49
Q

Pelvis forms a joint at the

A

acetabulum - Ball-and-socket joint

50
Q

Ischial tuberosity

A

Important landmark, attachment of the hamstrings

51
Q

Hamstrings

A

Extend thigh, flex knee

52
Q

Obturator foramen

A

Covered by obturator membrane

Obturator nerve and vessels pass through it (obturator canal)

53
Q

Iliac fossa

A

For muscle illiacus

54
Q

Anterior superior iliac spine

A

Attaches inguinal ligament and sartorius

55
Q

Anterior inferior iliac spine

A

Attachs rectus femoris

56
Q

Inguinal ligament

A

Anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle

57
Q

What’s near the inguinal ligament?

A

Inguinal canal - superior to the inguinal ligament. Relevance to inguinal hernia.

Femoral artery - under the inguinal ligament. Location for catheterization.

58
Q

Function of sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments

A

Resist rotation of sacrum between hip bones

Form boundaries of greater and lesser sciatic foramina

59
Q

Sacrospinous ligament

A

Ischial spine to the outer edge of the sacrum and coccyx

thin triangular ligament in the human pelvis

60
Q

Sacrotuberous ligament

A

slender fan shaped ligament of the posterior pelvis located on either side of the body

outer edge of scarum and coccyx to the ischial tuberosity

61
Q

Greater sciatic foramen

A

opening (foramen) in the posterior human pelvis. It is formed by the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments. The piriformis muscle passes through the foramen and occupies most of its volume.

62
Q

What structures exit through the greater sciatic foramen ?

A

Piriformis muscle

Superior and inferior gluteal nerves (supplying gluteal muscles) and associated blood vessels

Sciatic nerve (supplies posterior muscles of the thigh, all leg and foot muscles)

63
Q

Lesser sciatic foramen

A

The lesser sciatic foramen is an opening (foramen) between the pelvis and the back of the thigh. The foramen is formed by the sacrotuberous ligament which runs between the sacrum and the ischial tuberosity and the sacrospinous ligament which runs between the sacrum and the ischial spine.

64
Q

Superior and inferior gluteal nerves supplies…

A

supplying gluteal muscles

65
Q

Sciatic nerve supplies…

A

(supplies posterior muscles of the thigh, all leg and foot muscles)

66
Q

Muscles that attach to the greater trochanter?

A

Hip abductor muscles = gluteus medius, gluteus minimus

67
Q

Greater trochanter

A

proximal and lateral side of the femur

68
Q

Lesser trochanter

A

bony protuberance that projects from the posterior aspect of the femor inferomedially at the base of the femur neck

69
Q

What muscles attach to the lesser trochanter

A

Iliopsoas = psoas major and iliacus

70
Q

Gluteal tuberosity for

A

gluteus maximus

71
Q

The hip joint is a

A

synovial joint - ball and socket, multiaxial

72
Q

Hip joint bony components

A

Acetubulum and head of the femur

ball and socket joint = socket within the pelvis and ball is head of the femur

73
Q

Functions of the hip joint

A

Links lower limb to pelvis

Transmit upper body weight to lower limb

Designed for stability (most stable joint)

2nd most movable joint in the body

74
Q

Hip joint is multiaxial …

A

a rounded head fits into a concavity, permitting movement on several axes

75
Q

Hip joint - capsule

A

Joint capsule (two layers):
• Outer, fibrous layer
• Inner, synovial membrane

Attaches around margin of acetabulum and to femoral neck

Reinforced by ligaments.

76
Q

Pelvic bones =

A

ilium
Ischium
Pubis

77
Q

Capsular ligament names

A

iliofemoral (Y shaped, strongest)
ischiofemoral (at back)
pubofemoral

78
Q

Hip joint - capsular ligaments

A

Difficult to distinguish from capsule

Functions:
• Stabilizes and strengthen the joint
• All ligaments are tight with hip extension (e.g., in standing)
• This position is energy efficient (don’t need to rely on muscles for support)

79
Q

Acetabular labrum

A

Labrum = lips

Fibrocartilage structure, attached to the rim of the acetabulum

It increases the articular area (of the hip joint socket) by ~10%, help to fit the femoral head to acetabulum. - increases concavity

anatomy 241 (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions