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anatomy 241 > Lecture 21 - Pectorial Girdle and Shoulder > Flashcards

Lecture 21 - Pectorial Girdle and Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

Upper limb functions

A

Proximal (larger) muscles position hand - for example bringing closer to body when eating or for when throwing a ball
Note how mobile the upper limb is as compared to the lower limb

Distal (smaller) muscles for fine motor movements

Locomotion - when you are younger this is crawling, as you are older this is for climbing for example

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2
Q

Upper limb

A

shoulder
arm
forearm
hand

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3
Q

Area between shoulder joint and elbow joint is

A

the arm

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4
Q

Are between the elbow joint and the wrist joint is

A

the forearm

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5
Q

Muscles anterior in the upper limb do

A

flexion

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6
Q

Muscles posterior in the upper limb do

A

extension

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7
Q

Arteries of the upper limb

A

Aorta to subclavian to axillary (which passes through the medial part of the arm) to brachial (brachial means arm) and goes through the cubital fossa and the brachial artery divides into 2 to form the radial and ulnar artery

Deep veins run parallel with the arteries, and have the same name as the arteries

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8
Q

Superificial palmar arch and deep palmar arch

A

Superficial palmer arch is formed by ulnar artery and superficial branch of radial artery

Deep palmar arch is formed by the radial artery and deep branch of the ulnar artery

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9
Q

Superficial veins of the upper limb

A

Located at the superficial fascia

Dorsal venous arch to basilic (on the medial side) to cephalic (runs along lateral part of arm and forearm)

Cephalic and basilic connection at the median cubital vein (blood test common place for it)

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10
Q

Supinated =

A

palm up

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11
Q

Pronated =

A

palm down

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12
Q

Venepuncture

A
  • Often done for blood collection or intravenous fluid/drug administration
  • Commonly done through the median cubital vein (MCV)
  • MCV connects the basilic vein to the cephalic vein
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13
Q

Pulse locations for upper limb…

A 
Axillary pulse 
Brachial pulse in midarm 
Brachial pulse in the cubital fossa (needs extension of elbow because it means that the tendon moves out of the way, tendon is in the way during flexion) 
Radial pulse in distal forearm 
Ulnar pulse in distal forearm 
Radial pulse in the anatomical snuffbox
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14
Q

3 Plexuses in the body …

A

Cervical – supplying the neck
Brachial – supplying upper limb
Lumbosacral – supplying lower limb (lumbar plexus and sacral plexus grouped together)

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15
Q

Brachial plexus innervates

A

the upper limb

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16
Q

Brachial plexus is formed from

A

the anterior rami of C5-T1 spinal nerves

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17
Q

Main branches of the brachial plexus

A
  • Axillary
  • Radial
  • Musculocutaneous
  • Median
  • Ulnar
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18
Q

Axillary branch of brachial plexus

A

Axillary: supplies deltoid + teres minor

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19
Q

Radial branch of brachial plexus

A

Radial: supplies posterior arm and forearm muscles

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20
Q

Musculocutaneous branch of brachial plexus

A

Musculocutaneous: supplies biceps
brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis (BBC)

MC supplies BBC

On the anterior side

21
Q

Median + Ulnar branch of brachial plexus

A

Median+Ulnar:supply anterior forearm and hand muscles

Both run on medial side

Median - supplies most of the forearm muscles and some of the hand muscles (runs under the carpal tunnel)

Ulnar - supplies some of the forearm and most of the hand muscles (pinched when you hit your ‘funny bone’

22
Q

Pectoral girdle made of

A

scapula and clavicle

23
Q

Function of the pectoral girdle

A

Connect axial skeleton to the appendicular skeleton //Attach the upper limb to axial skeleton

24
Q

Ligaments of the pectoral girdle

A

Limit movement

Provide stability

25
Q

Pectoral girdle provides

A

protection for deep structures - VAN

26
Q

Sternal end of clavical

A

medial

attaches to the sternum which is a bone in the middle of the rib cage

27
Q

Subclavian groove

A

for muscle called subclavius

28
Q

Conoid tubercle

A

For conoid ligament

29
Q

Trapezoid line

A

Trapezoid ligament attaches here

30
Q

Clavicle fracture

A
  • Commonly due to force from falling onto outstretched limb
  • (usually) Medial fragment is pulled superiorly by sternocleidomastoid (muscle)
  • Lateral fragment drops because of gravity (may also be pulled medially by pectoralis major)
31
Q

Glenoid fossa

A

Comes in contact with the humerus to form the shoulder joint

32
Q

Subcapsular fossa

A

For subscapularis

SMooth surface

33
Q

Superior angle

A

for levator scapulae

Function of this muscle is to help elevate the scapula

34
Q

Spine of scapula

A

splits scapula into 2 regions - supraspinous fosaa and infraspinous fossa

35
Q

Supraspinous fossa

A

for supraspinatus

Above spine of scapula

36
Q

Infraspinous fossa

A

For infraspinatus

Below the spine of the scapula

37
Q

Medial border

A

for rhomboids which is a muscle that is involved with retraction of the scapula

38
Q

Scapula movement =

A

Elevation
Depression
Upward rotation - inferior angle is moving up
Downward rotation - moving back to the medial side
Protraction - move scapula forward
Retraction - move scapula back

39
Q

When do we protract scapula?

A

Protraction is when you are moving the scapula forward

Push ups, pushing against something/someone you are protracting your scapula

40
Q

Joints of the pectoral girdle

A

Sternoclavicular joint

41
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A
  • Saddle synovial joint, allowing biaxial movement (saddle shaped heads allows movement in two different planes)
  • Has an articular disc

Inflammation at this joint will impact on arm movements

42
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A

Synovial joint with a fibrocartilage disc that seperates the joint into 2 compartments

43
Q

Sternal angle

A

Important landmark for clinicians

44
Q

Acromioclavicular joint

A
  • Synovial plane joint, allowing sliding movement
  • Has an incomplete articular disc
  • Extrinsic ligaments help stabilize the joint - lots of ligament support - acromioclavicular, coracoclavicular (coronid and trapezoid), coracoacromial

Plane joints usually uniaxial permit gliding or sliding movements

45
Q

Key ligaments of pectoral girdle

A

Coracoclavicular
Acromioclavicular
Coracoacromial

46
Q

Dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint

A

Common in contact sports (e.g., hockey, martial arts) or fall on shoulders

Ligament can rupture

47
Q

Glenohumeral joint

A

Synovial ball and socket joint
• Head of the humerus
• Glenoid fossa of the scapula
Wide range of movement - flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction, medial rotation, lateral rotation

Relatively unstable and requires external stabilization from:
• Ligaments and muscles
• Glenoid labrum ( increases concavity) - helps increase concavity of joint, increase surface area so it can help to stabilise the humerus in this area
• Capsule (taut superiorly)

48
Q

Dislocation of glenohumeral joint

A

Dislocation mostly happens inferiorly

Tends to because …
1 - Bony structures above humerus (acromion and clavicle, therefore easier to occur inferiorly), tendon of the biceps is also above the humerus
2 - Muscles anteriorly, muscles and bone (scapula) posteriorly
3 - thinner and weaker capsule inferiorly

This prevents the humerus from going anteriorly and posteriorly so therefore dislocaiton happens inferiorly

anatomy 241 (29 decks)

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