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anatomy 241 > Lecture 16 - Muscles of the vertebral column and torso > Flashcards

Lecture 16 - Muscles of the vertebral column and torso Flashcards

1
Q

Posterior back muscles …

A

Muscles that support the back, and help with back movement

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2
Q

Functions of the vertebral column

A

Posture - helps to keep balance and upright standing

Support head, neck, trunk

Protect spinal cord and spinal nerves

Trunk movement (flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation)

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3
Q

The vertebral column has curvatures …

A

Alternation of kyphosis (primary) and lordosis (secondary)

Initially started as one kyphosis

Developed for upright position

Provide flexibility and shock absorbance (for movement especially with heavy loads)

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4
Q

Curvature of vertebral column

A 
cervical = secondary 
Thoracic = primary
lumbar = secondary 
sacral = primary
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5
Q

Curvature cervical

A

Secondary

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6
Q

Curvature thoracic

A

Primary

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7
Q

Curvature lumbar

A

Secondary

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8
Q

Curvature sacral

A

Primary

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9
Q

Intrinsic back muscles (3 layers)

A

Superficial (spinotransversales) • Intermediate (erector spinae) • Deep (e.g., transversospinalis)

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10
Q

Number of layers of intrinsic back muscles

A

3

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11
Q

Spinotransversales general trend

A

Superficial intrinsic back muscle

runs from spinous process to transverse process

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12
Q

erector spinae general trend

A

Intermediate intrinsic back muscle

more or less the length of the spine on the left and right

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13
Q

transversospinalis general trend

A

Deep intrinsic back muscle

runs from transverse processes to spinous processes

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14
Q

Spinotransversales muscles

A

superficial

muscles = splenius capitis (head) and splenius cervicis (cervical/neck)

splenius capitis = inserts to mastoid process of the temporal bone and originates from the lower half of the nuchal ligament and the spinous processes of the 7th cervical vertebra and the superior 3 thoracic vertebrae

splenius cervicis = origin is the spinous processes of T3-T6 and insertion are the transverse processes of C1-C3

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15
Q

Spinotransversales function

A

Bilaterally contract, extend next
Individually, rotate head
Lateral flexion

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16
Q

Erector spinae muscles

A

Pelvis to neck

liocostalis (lateral) - best seen in the lumbar region
Longissimus (intermediate)
Spinalis (medial) - thin muscles, best seen in the thoracic region

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17
Q

Erector spinae functions

A

Bilaterally (contracting), extends back
Maintain posture
Individually, lateral flexion

18
Q

Back strain

A

Common injury from overly strong contraction (too sudden)

The muscles are stretched and may have microscopic tearing

Erector spinae muscles commonly affected

19
Q

Transversospinales muscles

A 
Rotatores (short, entire length of vertebral column) 
Multifidus 
Semispinalis (long)
20
Q

Transversospinales muscle fibre orientation

A

They run upward, medially and obliquely from transverse processes to spinous processes

21
Q

Rotatores features

A

From the Transversospinales muscle group

Present throughout the entire length of the vertebral column

Extends from 1-2 vertebrae

Best seen in the thoracic area

22
Q

Rotatores functions

A

Stabilize vertebral column & maintain posture

Bilaterally, extend back

Ipsilaterally (same side of the body) , lateral flexion

Assist in rotation

(individually these muscles are small but when they work together they can create a big movement)

23
Q

Multifidus features

A

From the Transversospinales muscle group

Spans the entire length of the vertebral column

Extends from 2-4 vertebrae

Best seen in the lumbar area

24
Q

Multifidus functions

A

Bilaterally, extend back

Stabilize vertebral column & maintain posture

Ipsilaterally, laterally flex

25
Q

Semispinalis features

A

From the Transversospinales muscle group

Runs for about half of the vertebral column

Best seen at the back of the neck

26
Q

Semispinalis functions

A

Bilaterally extend back, posture

Individually rotate vertebral column

**run obliquely so can help with … **

27
Q

Intercostal muscles

A 
ribcage muscles 
(3 layers of muscle - external, internal and innermost )
28
Q

external intercostals

A

Fibers run medially and inferiorly

For inspiration

29
Q

Internal intercostals

A

Fibers run laterally and inferiorly

For expiration

30
Q

Supply structures of intercostals

A

Veins, arteries, nerves (VAN) are found between the internal and innermost intercostals

31
Q

Innermost intercostals

A

Fibers run laterally and inferiorly

For expiration

32
Q

Diaphragm

A

Important muscle for breathing

33
Q

Important structures in the diaphragm

A 
Inferior vena cava 
Central tendon 
Esophagus (embedded in diaphragm muscle, contraction helps to prevent reflux into the esophagus) 
Aorta (abdominal aorta) 
Phrenic nerve
34
Q

Features of the diaphragm

A

Separates thoracic and abdominal cavities

Important muscle for inspiration

Has a central tendon

Has multiple openings for esophagus, inferior vena cava, and abdominal aorta

35
Q

Inspiration =

A

contraction of diaphragm and relaxation of abdominal muscles

36
Q

Expiration =

A

Relaxation of diaphragm and contraction of abdominal muscles

37
Q

Anterolateral wall muscles

A

(multiple layers)
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis

38
Q

External oblique

A

Anterolateral wall

The muscle fibers are running inferiorly and medially

39
Q

Internal oblique

A

Anterolateral wall

The muscle fibers are running superiorly and medially

40
Q

Movement of oblique muscles in the anterolateral wall

A

The oblique muscles help with trunk rotation and lateral flexion

41
Q

Transversus abdominis

A

Increase abdominal cavity pressure

The muscle fibers are running transversely

42
Q

Rectus abdominis

A

Vertical muscle for trunk flexion

anatomy 241 (29 decks)

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