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anatomy 241 > Lab 4 - Examination of Four Major Tissue Types > Flashcards

Lab 4 - Examination of Four Major Tissue Types Flashcards

1
Q

Any organ/structure in the body is composed of 2 cell types

A

Parenchymal cells

support cells

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2
Q

Parenchymal cells

A

carry out the major function of that organ/structure

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3
Q

Support cells

A

provide the structural scaffolding and metabolic support of the organ. Support cells and their ECM are commonly known as connective tissue

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4
Q

What determines the appearance of the ECM

A

the arrangement of the fibrillar proteins of the ECM and the relative amount of fibrillar protein and glycoasaminoglycans (GAGs) determines the appearance on the ECM.

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5
Q

four catergories of connective tissue

A

CT porper
Cartilage
Bone
Adipose

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6
Q

CT proper =

A

loose and dense

loose = reticular, areolar

dense = regular, irregular

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7
Q

Fibroblast

A

need to make proteins (collagen and elastin) so there is lots of rER

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8
Q

Dense CT

A

they have very little space between them

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9
Q

Dense regular CT

A

They are regularly aligned, same direction

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10
Q

Dense irregular CT

A

They are haphazardly arranged

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11
Q

pink/red fibres =

A

collagen

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12
Q

brown/black/purle =

A

elastin

a lot finer in structure than collagen

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13
Q

Very few elastin fibres … in dense regular CT

A

collagen fibres run in thick parallel bundles, therefore provide great tensile strength when pulling force is applied in one direction

Present in tendons, most ligaments

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14
Q

Baking the bones

A

Baking deanaures the organic component i.e. it denatures the protein, therefore the collagen is destryed removing the tensile strength so the bone becomes very brittle

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15
Q

Vinegar bath for the bones

A

Acetic cides degraded the inorganic part of bone i.e. calcium salts dissolved by vinegar thus making matrix less rigid and apparently bendy

only collagen layers are left

affects the calcium phosphate in the bone

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16
Q

Dense CT ECM features

A

Densely packed parallel collagen fibres, a few elastin fibres therefore withstands tensile stress when pulled in one direction

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17
Q

Hyaline cartilage ECM features

A

Collagen fibres present but form amorphus matrix, chondrocytes lie in the lacunae therefore resists compressive stress i.e. firm but flexible

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18
Q

Compact bone ECM features

A

Hard calcified matrix, osteocytes lie in lacunae within matrix, therefore supports and protects and acts as a lever

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19
Q

Adipose tissue ECM features

A

Sparse matrix containing a lot of adipocytes filled with large lipid droplets therefore it is a food reserve and it supports and it insulates

20
Q

Focal densities

A

Anchors the bundles of contractile filaments to the cell (anchors actin)

21
Q

Fibroblasts function

A

manufactures the required proteins such as collagen

22
Q

sarcomere is from

A

one Z line to the next and it contains overlapping thick filaments (A band) and the thin filaments (I band)

23
Q

Thick filaments

A

myosin

24
Q

THin filaments

A

actin

25
Q

Changes to sarcomere bands and lines

A

A band stays at constant width, but the I band narrows pulling the Z lines closer together

26
Q

Through which type of junction does excitation spread?

A

gap junctions

27
Q

Fascia adherens

A

where actin filaments insert into the z lines

28
Q

desmosomes

A

anchoring points for intermediate filaments

29
Q

Appearance of skeletal, cardiac and smooth

A

Skeletal = elongated unbranched cylindrical cells

Cardiac = elongated branched cylindrical cells

Smooth = small elongated spindle shaped cells

30
Q

Nucleus of skeletal, cardiac and smooth

A

SK = Multinucleate, nuclei flattened and lie just beneath the sarcolemma

C= One or occasionally 2 nuclei, are centrally located

S= Uninucleate, nuclei elongated and centrally located

31
Q

Striations of skeletal, cardiac and smooth

A 
SK = Striations from presence of regularly arranged contractile proteins. Has sarcomeres consisting of thick myosin filaments and thin actin filaments.
C= Striations, from presence of regularly arranged contractile proteins similar to skeletal muscle, however form a branching 3D network.

S= No striations, contractile proteins crisscross the cell inserting into focal densities in the cytoplasm and to the cell membrane.

32
Q

Contraction of skeletal, cardiac and smooth

A

SK = V oluntary. Contraction when thick and thin filaments slide over each other. The sarcomere shortens and thus the muscle fibre shortens. Muscle fibres can contract individually.

C= Involuntary. Similar to skeletal muscle except have intercalated discs at the Z lines joining cells, so when one cell contracts other cells contract almost simultaneously.

S= Involuntary. Contraction when thick and thin filaments slide over each other, changing cell shape from elongated to round. Cells bound together in bundles so act together.

33
Q

Excitation of skeletal, cardiac and smooth

A

SK = Excitation spread through T tubules and SAR, no gap junctions.

C= Excitation spread through T tubules and SAR and gap junctions

S= Excitation spread through gap junctions and SAR, no T tubules.

34
Q

Mitochondria and glycogen granules of skeletal, cardiac and smooth

A 
SK = Many mitochondria and numerous glycogen granules therefore lots of aerobic activit
C= Abundant mitochondria and numerous glycogen granules therefore lots of aerobic activity.

S= Sparse mitochondria and few glycogen granules therefore mainly anaerobic activity.

35
Q

Connective tissue components of skeletal, cardiac and smooth

A

SK = Epimysium, perimysium, endomysium.

C= Endomysium attached to fibrous skeleton of the heart

S= Endomysium.

36
Q

Epidermis from most superficial

A

Stratum corneum (several layers of flat dead scaly cells)

Stratum lucidum (thin translucent layer)

Stratum granulosum = 2-3 layers of darkly stained cells

Stratum spinosum (8-10 layers pulled into a ‘spiny’ shape by desmosomes

Stratum basale = single layer of dividing cells

37
Q

Dermis from most superficial

A

Papillary region = loosely arranged tissue

Reticular region = denser arranged tissue

38
Q

come lets grab some beers

A 
corneum 
lucidum 
granulosum 
spinosum 
basale
39
Q

The dermis is

A

always there

40
Q

blood vessels in the

A

dermis

41
Q

Sensory nerve endings are found

A

in the dermis

42
Q

hypodermis is predominantly composed of

A

adipose tissue

43
Q

how would the skin layers appear if a basal blister had formed?

A

A basal blister would result in separation of the dermis from the epidermis; the desmosomes the junctions holding the adjacent cells together, would be damaged, and the layers of the epidermis would be raised up off the dermis

dermis and epidermis rubbing and fluid forms between which reults in the desmosomes being damaged

44
Q

Gomori trichrome

A

stain useful for distinguishing nuclei (red) and muscle fibres (purple) and connective tissue (blue)

45
Q

GOmori trichrome works best on which section

A

cardiac tissue

The muscle fibers are now more clearly identifiable, in addition to surrounding connective tissue. Nuclei can also be seen in relation to specific muscle cells.

myocytes = 1-2 nuclei

46
Q

Spleen

A

Red or white pulp
Immune cells - lymphoid = white
Red = blood vessels

47
Q

Liver

A

Homogeneous = same
Hepatocytes
Ducts for bile

anatomy 241 (29 decks)

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