Lecture # 22 Dynamics of the Immune Response Immunity to Influenza

Question 1

What is the immune response to viral infection? How many stages does it occur in?

Answer 1

1). Innate immune response (Activation of innate cells by PRR, innate cytokine and chemokine secretion, DC mobilization to he dLN) 2). Adaptive immune response (priming (activation) in the draining LN (naive T cells and B cells) and effector responses at the site of infection (killer T cells, Helper T cells, and antibodies)

Question 2

Overview of immune response to influenza

Answer 2

1) innate cells are activated by PRR/DC induced to migrate, prime T cells in DL, helper CD4 cells migrate to follicle and activate B cells, migration of effector T cells to lung and killing/cytokines, high affinity antibodies secreted in the serum

Question 3

What type of cells does the influenza virus infect?

Answer 3

epithelial cells in the respiratory tract.

Question 4

What PRRs are important in influenza infection?

Answer 4

TLR 7,3 and RIG-I

Question 5

What cytokines are released as a result of influenza infection?

Answer 5

TNF, IL-6, IL-12, Type I interferons

Question 6

CD45+ cells

Answer 6

Immune cells upregulate TLR7/9; produce TNF-a, IL-6, CXCL9

Question 7

CD45- cells

Answer 7

epithelial cells; upregulate TLR3/RIG-I; produce IFNb, IL-6, CXCL9

Question 8

CXCL9

Answer 8

is also high to recruit T cells to the lung

Question 9

What residue on the T cell does Influenza virus recognize?

Answer 9

Salic Acid; hemmagluttin of influenza binds to salic acid residues on the cell