Guest Lecture: Autoimmunity Flashcards
Paraoxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria
PCH; Rare disease where exposure to cold causes a patient’s RBS to lyse; Donath and Landsteiner performed plasma experiment to show that it has an autoimmune etiology
What are the components of PCH?
1) Target Cells 2) Thermolabile substance (present in normal and disease serum; complement) 3) Thermostabile substance (present only in disease; bound to RBCs; autoantibodies)
Major T cell mediated diseases
Type I diabetes; MS; IBD; Psoriasis
Major B cell/ Antibody mediated disease
Rheumatoid Arthritis (also T cell mediated); Systemic Lups Erythematosus; Myasthenia Gravis; Grave’s Disease
What are the five factors in autoimmunity?
- Genetics 2. Environment 3. Failure of tolerance 4. Aberrant cellular responses 5. Target cells/Tissues
What is the predictive gene behind many autoimmune diseases?
MHC II; for many autoimmune diseases, there are susceptible and protective MHCII alleles
What are the Treg associated mutations and their diseases?
AIRE - APECED; FoxP3 - IPEX
What cytokine increase is associated with Lupus?
Type I interferons
Inflammation’s effects on APCS
1) Increased maturity 2) increase in inflammatory mediators 3) increase costimulatory proteins
Inflammation’s effects on B cells
1) Mature to plasma cells 2) increases inflammatory mediators 3) increased reception to T cell stimulation
Inflammation’s effects on T cells
1) increases proliferation 2) biases to Th1 and Th17 3. Can increase or reduce apoptosis 4) Refractory to regulation.
What tissue is targeted in MS
Myelin on neurons
What tissue is targeted in IBD
intestine
What tissue is targeted in retinitis?
the retina
What tissue is targeted in SLE
DNA, nuclear antibodies
