LECTURE 20 - Parental Care (Mammals) Flashcards
Parental care starts with this.
Choosing the right habitat.
Describe the habitat frogs and toads choose? Why?
Frogs and toads leave their eggs in the habitat.
prefer temporary or ephemeral ponds because here are no fish.
Name the animal that lays eggs in rotting logs. Why are rotting logs good habitats?
Smooth green snakes
High humidity and concealment
How do butterflies determine which plant to lay eggs on?
The right plant for food for their babies.
Eggs of most ____, ____ and ____ are not guarded.
Insects, amphibians and reptiles
Walking stick eggs have a ____ on its end to make sure they end up in ant storage.
Capitulum (edible food cap)
Northern Water and Garter Snakes hold eggs internally until they hatch. This is called _____.
Ovoviviparity
Female Red Backed Salamanders ____ their eggs until they hatch.
Guard
Female wolf spiders carry their eggs around in an _____ _____.
Egg sac held by the spinnerettes.
Carry the babies on their backs until they are ready to leave
What do female nursery web spiders do for their young?
Carry an egg sac in their jaws and will build a nursery web.
Small internal investment from ___ ____ and ____
Insects, amphibians and reptiles
Describe when males guard the young.
Bass + Bluegill Sunfish Giant Waterbugs (female will glue the babies to the male so it cant fly)
Larger animals provide more ____ ____ both ___ and _____
Parental investment
internally + externally
Describe the difference between precocial and altricial.
Precocial = ready to run Altricial = grubby
Describe moose’s parental investment
- 8 month gestation with placental connection
- young are born precocial
- parental care = protect and feed
- protect their young for 1 year
- total investment = 20 months
in 95% of mamales ___ provide the care
females
Wolves and foxes exhibit ____ -____
biparental care
Wolves are ___ ____ and cooperatively raise their pups
Social animals
What is a rendezvous site?
Site where the pups are moved too and where they stay while the adults hunt. One adult is always watching the pups.
Black bear babies are born very _____
altricial
How long do baby black bears stay with their mom
1.5 years
Male black bears will do waut to make the mom go into mating again. WHy?
Kill the young
So they can pass on their own genes
Black bears mate in june and give birth in january with only a 2 month gestation this is due to ___________ ____.
delayed implantation
Why is delayed implantation good for black bears?
Allows them to mate when it is more convenient for them and not when they need to put on a lot of weight for winter.
Opossums have a ___ day gestation.
13 day
Many ____ display delayed implantation
Carnivores
What holds the egg and sperm and dosen’t let it attch to the uterus walls?
Blastocyst
Name the two animals we learned that use delayed implantation.
Black Bears + Fishers
How do bats/bees and paper wasps create the same effect of delayed implantation?
Delayed fertilization
What is delayed fertilization?
Where they store the sperm and only fertilize the egg when needed.
Bumblebees and paperwasps are ___ ___ and exhbit ___ ___ for their young.
social insects
group care
Describe oppossums brood reduction strategy. Why do they do this?
Can have as many as 20-50 babies
Highly Altricial and will climb into the marsupium (pouch)
Have to compete for the 13 nipples.
Many babies die and only the strongest survive.
Genetic selection and ensures only the strongest are invested in.
Why will eagles lay two eggs when one is the optimum number? The larger one often kills the other one what is this called?
As an insurance policy also a form of brood reduction.
Siblicide
What will muskrats do to ensure there is enough food for their babies in the area? What is this called?
Kill their neighbors babies / Infanticide
How do Tree Swallows also showcase infanticide?
When they lose their mate they will let their new mate kill their young.
What is the Bruce Effect? What animal uses this strategy?
When the mother will kill their babies when they smell the scent or urine of a strange male.
Female Voles
