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BIOL 1902 - Natural History > LECTURE 15 - Plant Food > Flashcards

LECTURE 15 - Plant Food Flashcards

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1
Q

How do plants make their own food?

A

Photosynthesis

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2
Q

Plants are _____ because they can feed themselves.

A

Autotrophic

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3
Q

What basic ingredients are needed for plants to make their food? (6)

A

Water
Sunlight
CO2
Nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Calcium)

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4
Q

Bogs are hard to grow in because they are ____ _____.

A

Nutrient poor

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5
Q

What plant family is usually found in Bogs?

A

Heath Family of plants

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6
Q

What special adaptation do heath plants usually have?

A

Have mycorrhizal associations

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7
Q

What are mycorrhizal associations?

A

Fungal partners on their roots that help expand the nutrient uptake area.

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8
Q

Mycorrhizae inside the roots are called ______. Give an example of a plant.

A

Endomycorrhiza

Orchids

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9
Q

Mycorrhizae OUTSIDE the roots are called ______. Give an example of a plant.

A

Ectomycorrhiza

Black Spruce

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10
Q

What do mycorrhizae help with? What do they prevent?

A

the uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus and prevent the uptake of toxic compounds.

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11
Q

What do alder do to increase nitrogen uptake? What is this process called?

A

Have root nodules filled with bacteria to turn nitrogen into one the plant can use. This process is called fixing nitrogen.

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12
Q

How do sundews + butterwort plants trap extra nutrients?

A

Modified leaves that are adhesive traps that trap bugs

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13
Q

Describe how Pitcher plants capture insects. What are these traps called?

A

Hold rainfall and have nectar on their leaves and have downward point hairs that make the insect unable to climb out. Called Pitfall traps

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14
Q

How do Bladdarworts capture insects? What are these traps called?

A

Have modified underwater leaves that suction bugs inside when they are triggered. Called Suction Traps.

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15
Q

What some of the adaptations do plants have to survive in shade? (8)

A
  • Large leaves
  • grow parallel to the ground
  • thin leaves
  • more chlorophyll
  • lots of leaves and large groupings
  • positive phototropism
  • climb on top of competition
  • spring ephemerals
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16
Q

Give two examples of a shady plants with large leaves parallel to the ground.

A

Round leaved orchid and Hobblebush

17
Q

Why are thin leaves good for shady plants? (3)

A
  • Less energy to build them
  • Light reaches photosynthetic cells more quickly
  • can grow a lot of them and suppress the competition around you
18
Q

Give an examples of a plant that grows in large groupings.

A

Bunchberry

19
Q

What is a large grouping of plants called?

A

Clonal or colonial growth

20
Q

What is positive phototropism?

A

Growing towards the light

21
Q

Give an example of a plant that climbs on top of its competition. Describe its adaptations.

A

Wild cucumbers have tendrils (spiral growths) and are thigmotropic (sense where they touch)

22
Q

What does being thigmotropic mean?

A

That they can sense where they touch

23
Q

Why is blooming early a good thing? This strategy is called ___ _____. What plant does this?

A

Beats the tree leaves blooming in spring so they can capture more sun.

Spring Ephemerals

Trilliums

24
Q

Why is blooming early sometimes a problem? (2)

A

Early frosts and that there are no pollinators

25
Q

Name and describe the three categories of how plants get their food.

A 
Autotrophs = make their food 
Mixotrophs = make and steal their food 
Myco-heterotrophs = steal all their food + live like a parasite
26
Q

Mycorrhizae help plants ___ their food.

A

Steal

27
Q

Cancer roots attain their nutrients solely from other plants with mycorrhizae. They are _____.

A

Myco-heterotrophs

28
Q

If a plant has two strategies for obtaining food they are ______.

A

Mixotrophs

29
Q

Indian Pipe have mycorrhizal associations and do not get sunlight and have no chlorophyll. They are ________.

A

Myco-heterotrophs

30
Q

Give two examples of holoparasite plants.

A

Cancer-root and Dwarf Mistletoe

31
Q

The ___ _____ creates an abnormal growth on trees called a ____ ___.

A

Dward Mistletoe

Witches Broom

32
Q

Name some adaptations for too much sun. (3)

A
  • Small leaves with small surface area
  • leaves grow 45 degrees to the sun
  • highly dissected leaves (fragmented low surface area)

BIOL 1902 - Natural History (22 decks)

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