LECTURE 15 - Plant Food Flashcards
How do plants make their own food?
Photosynthesis
Plants are _____ because they can feed themselves.
Autotrophic
What basic ingredients are needed for plants to make their food? (6)
Water
Sunlight
CO2
Nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Calcium)
Bogs are hard to grow in because they are ____ _____.
Nutrient poor
What plant family is usually found in Bogs?
Heath Family of plants
What special adaptation do heath plants usually have?
Have mycorrhizal associations
What are mycorrhizal associations?
Fungal partners on their roots that help expand the nutrient uptake area.
Mycorrhizae inside the roots are called ______. Give an example of a plant.
Endomycorrhiza
Orchids
Mycorrhizae OUTSIDE the roots are called ______. Give an example of a plant.
Ectomycorrhiza
Black Spruce
What do mycorrhizae help with? What do they prevent?
the uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus and prevent the uptake of toxic compounds.
What do alder do to increase nitrogen uptake? What is this process called?
Have root nodules filled with bacteria to turn nitrogen into one the plant can use. This process is called fixing nitrogen.
How do sundews + butterwort plants trap extra nutrients?
Modified leaves that are adhesive traps that trap bugs
Describe how Pitcher plants capture insects. What are these traps called?
Hold rainfall and have nectar on their leaves and have downward point hairs that make the insect unable to climb out. Called Pitfall traps
How do Bladdarworts capture insects? What are these traps called?
Have modified underwater leaves that suction bugs inside when they are triggered. Called Suction Traps.
What some of the adaptations do plants have to survive in shade? (8)
- Large leaves
- grow parallel to the ground
- thin leaves
- more chlorophyll
- lots of leaves and large groupings
- positive phototropism
- climb on top of competition
- spring ephemerals
Give two examples of a shady plants with large leaves parallel to the ground.
Round leaved orchid and Hobblebush
Why are thin leaves good for shady plants? (3)
- Less energy to build them
- Light reaches photosynthetic cells more quickly
- can grow a lot of them and suppress the competition around you
Give an examples of a plant that grows in large groupings.
Bunchberry
What is a large grouping of plants called?
Clonal or colonial growth
What is positive phototropism?
Growing towards the light
Give an example of a plant that climbs on top of its competition. Describe its adaptations.
Wild cucumbers have tendrils (spiral growths) and are thigmotropic (sense where they touch)
What does being thigmotropic mean?
That they can sense where they touch
Why is blooming early a good thing? This strategy is called ___ _____. What plant does this?
Beats the tree leaves blooming in spring so they can capture more sun.
Spring Ephemerals
Trilliums
Why is blooming early sometimes a problem? (2)
Early frosts and that there are no pollinators
Name and describe the three categories of how plants get their food.
Autotrophs = make their food Mixotrophs = make and steal their food Myco-heterotrophs = steal all their food + live like a parasite
Mycorrhizae help plants ___ their food.
Steal
Cancer roots attain their nutrients solely from other plants with mycorrhizae. They are _____.
Myco-heterotrophs
If a plant has two strategies for obtaining food they are ______.
Mixotrophs
Indian Pipe have mycorrhizal associations and do not get sunlight and have no chlorophyll. They are ________.
Myco-heterotrophs
Give two examples of holoparasite plants.
Cancer-root and Dwarf Mistletoe
The ___ _____ creates an abnormal growth on trees called a ____ ___.
Dward Mistletoe
Witches Broom
Name some adaptations for too much sun. (3)
- Small leaves with small surface area
- leaves grow 45 degrees to the sun
- highly dissected leaves (fragmented low surface area)
