LECTURE 13 - Parasitoids + Parasites Flashcards
Parasitoids do what to their host?
Kill them
Describe how Braconid wasps are parasitoids.
Are parasitoids in the larval stage and eat and pupate on caterpillars.
Give two examples of parasitoid flies.
Tachinid flies + Flesh Flies (larval parasitoids and because eggs are laid in the host)
Name the three wasps that paralyze their prey and bury it in the ground.
Thread-waisted wasps
Spider wasps
Digger wasps
How do some parasitoids choose their hosts?
Visual searching (finding right size of host)
Some Parasitoids deposit their eggs with an _______.
Ovipositor
What is the difference between Parasitoids and Parasites?
Parasitoids = KILL host Parasites = don't kill the host
Describe the Ichneumon wasps and how they are parasitoids.
Have a really long megahyyssa ichneumen ovipositor and lay their eggs in pigeon horntail larvae.
Find the larvae in the tree with feet sensors and then drill the ovipositor into the tree.
Parasites that live on the outside of the host are called ______. Give two examples.
Ectoparasites / Leeches + Ticks
How do moose ticks hurt moose?
Itchy so they try and rub them off / fur comes off too = hypothermia / both host and parasites die.
What tick and transmit Lyme disease?
Black-Legged deer tick
Arrenurus is a mite ________ that live on _____.
ectoparasite / dragonflies
What type of ectoparasite lives on migratory birds?
Flat flies
Flies or bugs that bite you are not ectoparasites but are _______. Why?
Facultative parasites because they are not obligated to that parasite lifestyle. (opposite of obligate parasites)
Baby clams are ectoparasites. What are they called and how do they feed?
Glochidium feed on fish by attaching to their gills and lewering fish with a minnow like thing.
What organ do ticks use to find hosts? What does it detect?
Using their Hallers Organ to detect humidity, temperature and carbon dioxide.
What mouth part adaptation do ticks have? What is this adaptation good for?
Hypostome with barbs (cutting mouth parts) for holding and penetrating skin to make it hard to get off.
Name the fish ectoparasite with crazeee mouth parts with lots of teeth.
Lamprey
What do a lot of ectoparasites also inject?
Anticoagulants to prevent the blood from coagulating.
What shape adaptation is good for being a tick?
A Flattened body shape to climb through feathers, hair, and claws to grip.
Name some problems with being an ectoparasite (4)
- If the host dies you die.
- Can be removed by the host
- Might find the wrong host
- Might not find a host
What special adaptation can hosts use against ectoparasites?
Use claws and bills to groom and preen
What special adaptation do herons have to remove parasites?
Pectinate toe
What special adaptation do beavers have to remove parasites?
Double or split toenail
What are parasites called when they live inside the host?
Endoparasites
Mice and chipmunks have this endoparasite.
Cuterebra larvae (bot fly)
Deer have this endoparasite. Describe its life cycle? What if it ends up in moose?!
Brain worm.
- lives on the deers brain to reproduce (definitive host)
- larvae is released in droppings and they attach to slugs and snails when they eat the droppings (intermediate host)
- Deer eats the snail and the life cycle repeats.
Moose would die as it doesn’t have the same evolutionary adaptation.
Describe what a definitive host is.
Where the reproduction takes place for the parasite.
Describe what an intermediate host is.
Where the larvae live.
Robins are the definitive host to this parasite called the _____. What is its lifecycle?
Fluke (flat worm)
Robins (definitive host) to bird droppings to aquatic snails (intermediate host)
Name two special adaptations on ENDOparasites.
Very small in size can cause parasitic castration for the host.
What is parasitic castration?
When a parasite shuts down a hosts sex drive to keep them safer.
