LECTURE 13 - Parasitoids + Parasites

Question 1

Parasitoids do what to their host?

Answer 1

Kill them

Question 2

Describe how Braconid wasps are parasitoids.

Answer 2

Are parasitoids in the larval stage and eat and pupate on caterpillars.

Question 3

Give two examples of parasitoid flies.

Answer 3

Tachinid flies + Flesh Flies (larval parasitoids and because eggs are laid in the host)

Question 4

Name the three wasps that paralyze their prey and bury it in the ground.

Answer 4

Thread-waisted wasps
Spider wasps
Digger wasps

Question 5

How do some parasitoids choose their hosts?

Answer 5

Visual searching (finding right size of host)

Question 6

Some Parasitoids deposit their eggs with an _______.

Answer 6

Ovipositor

Question 7

What is the difference between Parasitoids and Parasites?

Answer 7

Parasitoids = KILL host 
Parasites = don't kill the host

Question 8

Describe the Ichneumon wasps and how they are parasitoids.

Answer 8

Have a really long megahyyssa ichneumen ovipositor and lay their eggs in pigeon horntail larvae.

Find the larvae in the tree with feet sensors and then drill the ovipositor into the tree.

Question 9

Parasites that live on the outside of the host are called ______. Give two examples.

Answer 9

Ectoparasites / Leeches + Ticks

Question 10

How do moose ticks hurt moose?

Answer 10

Itchy so they try and rub them off / fur comes off too = hypothermia / both host and parasites die.

Question 11

What tick and transmit Lyme disease?

Answer 11

Black-Legged deer tick

Question 12

Arrenurus is a mite ________ that live on _____.

Answer 12

ectoparasite / dragonflies

Question 13

What type of ectoparasite lives on migratory birds?

Answer 13

Flat flies

Question 14

Flies or bugs that bite you are not ectoparasites but are _______. Why?

Answer 14

Facultative parasites because they are not obligated to that parasite lifestyle. (opposite of obligate parasites)

Question 15

Baby clams are ectoparasites. What are they called and how do they feed?

Answer 15

Glochidium feed on fish by attaching to their gills and lewering fish with a minnow like thing.

Question 16

What organ do ticks use to find hosts? What does it detect?

Answer 16

Using their Hallers Organ to detect humidity, temperature and carbon dioxide.

Question 17

What mouth part adaptation do ticks have? What is this adaptation good for?

Answer 17

Hypostome with barbs (cutting mouth parts) for holding and penetrating skin to make it hard to get off.

Question 18

Name the fish ectoparasite with crazeee mouth parts with lots of teeth.

Answer 18

Lamprey

Question 19

What do a lot of ectoparasites also inject?

Answer 19

Anticoagulants to prevent the blood from coagulating.

Question 20

What shape adaptation is good for being a tick?

Answer 20

A Flattened body shape to climb through feathers, hair, and claws to grip.

Question 21

Name some problems with being an ectoparasite (4)

Answer 21

• If the host dies you die.
• Can be removed by the host
• Might find the wrong host
• Might not find a host

Question 22

What special adaptation can hosts use against ectoparasites?

Answer 22

Use claws and bills to groom and preen

Question 23

What special adaptation do herons have to remove parasites?

Answer 23

Pectinate toe

Question 24

What special adaptation do beavers have to remove parasites?

Answer 24

Double or split toenail

Question 25

What are parasites called when they live inside the host?

Answer 25

Endoparasites

Question 26

Mice and chipmunks have this endoparasite.

Answer 26

Cuterebra larvae (bot fly)

Question 27

Deer have this endoparasite. Describe its life cycle? What if it ends up in moose?!

Answer 27

Brain worm.

1. lives on the deers brain to reproduce (definitive host)
2. larvae is released in droppings and they attach to slugs and snails when they eat the droppings (intermediate host)
3. Deer eats the snail and the life cycle repeats.

Moose would die as it doesn’t have the same evolutionary adaptation.

Question 28

Describe what a definitive host is.

Answer 28

Where the reproduction takes place for the parasite.

Question 29

Describe what an intermediate host is.

Answer 29

Where the larvae live.

Question 30

Robins are the definitive host to this parasite called the _____. What is its lifecycle?

Answer 30

Fluke (flat worm)

Robins (definitive host) to bird droppings to aquatic snails (intermediate host)

Question 31

Name two special adaptations on ENDOparasites.

Answer 31

Very small in size can cause parasitic castration for the host.

Question 32

What is parasitic castration?

Answer 32

When a parasite shuts down a hosts sex drive to keep them safer.