LECTURE 14b - Food Shortages Flashcards
When insects are gone in the winter this is a _____ _____ ____
Predictable food shortage
What are three solutions for predictable food shortages?
- Collect food and store it
- Hibernate/Dormancy
- Migration
Migration solves a ____ food supply problem
predictable
What food supplies fluctuate every year and are unpredictable food supplies?
- Seeds and nuts
- Berries and other fruit
- Small Mammals
Birds are _____ and ______ to find plentiful food supplies. Give three examples of birds for the food supplies of fruit, seeds and small mammals.
Nomadic and Irruptive
Bohemian Waxwing (fruit) White Wing Crossbills (seeds) Owls (small mammals)
What animal impales food on trees to dry them out.
Northern Shrike
What is an area called with a large number of food stored?
Larder
How do gray squirrels solve the predictable food shortage?
Scatter hoarding (lots of solitary caches)
How do Canada Jays solve the predictable food shortage?
Scatter hoarding - each stored under the bark of spruce trees
What are some special adaptations that the Canada Jay has for helping food stick under bark. (4)
- enlarged salivary glands
- sticky saliva
- nest early to start storing food
- Large spatial memory and hippocampus
How do red squirrels solve the predictable food shortage?
Create large pinecone caches called middens
What physical adaptation do red squirrels have for helping them store food?
Expandable cheeks.
How do beavers solve the predictable food shortage?
Create a central cache of branches next to their lodge as a food pile
Adaptations that beavers have that help them store food. (4)
- Create drag trials ( land)
- Maintain paths in early winter (water)
- Bubble trails that make ice weaker
- Break thin ice with their heads
