03 Environmental Stressors Flashcards
What do you call animals that regulate their temperature by the outside temperature?
Ectotherms
What is another term for mammals being “warm blooded”?
Endotherms
Types of physical subzero outside protection? Give examples.
Longer + thicker guard hairs
Dense underfur
down feathers
Two types of internal protection.
Subcutaneous fat and Brown Fat
What is subcutaneous fat?
Fat that sits beneath the surface for insulation to hold in body heat.
What is brown fat?
Is more internal fat which is burned for warmth.
What is it called when animals shiver to burn fat?
Thermogenesis
What is Gloger’s Rule?
Pale colours lack pigment, making them better insulators for cold environments.
What is Bergman’s Rule
Animals are short and bulky to lower surface area to volume ratio to conserve heat
What is Allen’s Rule
Extremities are smaller to reduce surface area
Is 2:1 a good surface area to volume ratio?
Yes
Is 10:1 a good surface area to volume ratio?
No
What is the Countercurrent Heat Exchange?
Blood is cooled towards uninsulated extremities and is warmed going back to core through the Rete Mirabelle vein artery network
Name 4 heat preserving behaviors.
Birds tuck feet under wing.
Mammals breathe with their mouths closed.
Bask in sun.
Huddling
3 warm resting spaces
Subnivean Space
cavities
coniferous trees with snow
