Lecture 2 Learning Memory Representation Flashcards
Perception
Taking in information from the environment in to your cognitive system.
Action
Cognitive system sending instructions to perform actions to the environment.
Disembodied Software
Works much in the same way our cognitive system functions, perceiving your actions on the specific software and perform actions based on your input and its programming.
Distributed Cognition
Having cognitive systems working with a variety of people and technologies all interacting with each other. (giving each other perceptions and actions)
Cognition
is the manipulation of representations.
Memory
Is where representations are stored.
Animal brain, long-term and short-term memory.
Software, databases and symbols
Distributed System. Paper, brain, disk, environment manipulation.
Sensory Memory
is like a scratch pad (for vision), or a bit of recording tape (for hearing), that can be overwritten with new things. It is re-written every few
seconds by new perceptions.
Short Term Memory
is a temporary store. Some things from it end up becoming long term memories.
Long term Memory
Probably stored here forever, though we might
have trouble with retrieval.
Episodic Memory
A memory you have personally experienced like where you parked your car.
Semantic Memory
A memory of basic facts.
procedural memory
being able to remember to perform basic tasks (teeing shoes)
working memory
The amount of information you can remember at one given time.
The hippocampus (memory)
Appears to be important for transforming short term into long term memories.
cerebellum, the basal ganglia, and the motor
cortex. (memory)
Procedural memory
appears to happen in the
Learning
Is changing memory with the purpose of preparing a system for better action in the future.
Learning: Habituation
Diminution of a behavioral response with repeated stimulation. E.g the first time you hear loud noise (desensitization)
Learning; Sensitization
When behavioral response is amplified by repeated exposure to a stimulus. E.g getting excited from getting a text.
Learning: Classical Conditioning
Learning to associate two previously unrelated stimuli. Typically, this means that you learn to behave similarly to stimulus B as you do to stimulus A. E.g dog recognizing a leash being picked up for a walk.
Positive reinforcement (strongest)
Someone smiles at you when you hold the door for him or her.
Negative reinforcement
A baby screams until you give them candy. Then she stops. (Adult learning NR, baby learning PR)
Positive punishment
You get burned by touching the hood of a car in the sun.
Negative punishments
Your parents cut off your allowance because you lied.
Practice
involves doing something over and over and learning how to do it better. It uses reinforcement and punishment to hone the skill.
Play
is theorized to be a form of practice for future events.
Learning; Imprinting
A time-sensitive learning in an animal that is insensitive to behavioral outcomes. E.g goose following mother swim
Learning; Observational Learning
Learning that happens by observing another individual do something. E.g learning how to do something on YouTube.
Learning; Testimony
When someone tells you something.
Learning; Mentorship
We learn from others, and can teach each other.
genetic learning
when environments change very slowly.
Cultural learning
When environments change relatively quickly
Content bias
Imitate the best idea
Prestige bias
Imitate the most successful
Conformist bias
Imitate the most common ways of doing things
Individual learning
figuring out for yourself, perhaps influenced by the
Baldwin effect
