Lecture 10 Development Flashcards
Development
means a creature becoming better overtime through learning. (IQ tends to decrease after age 25)
U shaped grammar curve
When a child is learning a language, it makes assumption on grammatical rules its learning which leads to eventually making grammatical mistakes.
Universal grammar theory
the mind has a bunch a switches that get set when you learn language as a child, subject omission states when a child is learning a native language these switches are set.
Critical Stage 3 - 5
During this stage children are learning 2 to 4 new words per day to their productive vocabulary. Their learning words that they don’t even hear, because they can link connections to other words.
Jean Paget’s developmental stages
performed experiments on his own children
Sensorimotor (birth - 2)
Preoperational (2-6)
Concrete Operational (7-11)
Formal Operational (11–death)
Egocentrism:
difficult in seeing world from
another’s viewpoint
Centration:
narrowly focused
thought (only one part of a
problem, no conservation
of liquid)
Piagets lasting contributions
Children have lasting contributions on their life, children are active participants very curious.
Problem with Piagetian Theory
underestimates infants and overestimates adolescents. Pre-frontal cortex not fully developed leads to impulsive behavior.
Lev Vygotsky
focused on social and cultural upbringing.
Intersubjectivity
Shared understanding among participants of an activity (brining mattress in house with friend).
Guided participation
cognitive growth results from childrens’ involvement in structured activities with others who are more skilled
Zone of proximal development
the difference between what a child can do alone as opposed what it can do with help
Scaffolding
teaching style that matches the amount of assistance to the learner’s needs.
Private Speech
comments not directed to others but intended to help children regulate on
their own
Inner speech
thought, internalized private speech, serving the same
function
Synapses
a new born baby is born with 1.5 times more synapses when compared to other humans. These synapses are used to learn new faces.
Self Control
Something you improve on the older you get. Kids from poorer area, failed the marshmallow test. Because they were raised in a chaotic environment (didn’t trust researcher). When compared to kids grown up in a good environment.
Children improve in
- Better strategies
- Increased working memory
- Better inhibitory and executive functioning
- Increased automatic processing
- Increased speed of processing
Core Knowledge Theories
Explains why children can learn language easily versus not learning calculus.
Core Knowledge Theory Objects
4 - 5 month old’s have object permanence
Objects move in continuous paths
Objects can’t move through other objects
Core Knowledge Theory Living things
12 - 5 mo. Can tell the difference between animate and inanimate objects Movement Growth • But don’t consider plants to be • alive until 7 or 8 years of age Internal parts Inheritance Illness healing
Core Knowledge Theory People
Theory of mind at 2-5
Trying to figure out what people are thinking
Sensorimotor
(birth - 2) discovering that objects exist even after you hide them.
Preoperational
(2-6) Discovering an inaccurate volume, quantity and size.
Concrete Operational
(7-11) Discovering accurate volume, quantity and size. able to use induction.
Formal Operational
(11–death) starts when you begin to think abstractly, (hypothetical thinking.
